Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29691925›Full record

ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2018

Experimental myopia increases and scleral crosslinking using genipin inhibits cyclic softening in the tree shrew sclera.

Alexander M Levy, Massimo A Fazio, Rafael Grytz

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. [Research progress and applications of biologically derived materials in scleral reconstruction].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026
    Review
  2. Biomechanical Modification of the Sclera: An Ex Vivo Study on Porcine Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
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  10. A Pilot Study to Evaluate Genipin inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Genipin in an Ex Vivo Corneal Model of Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis.Translational vision science & technology · 2021
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alexander M LevyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2022-1719
Massimo A FazioDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Rafael GrytzDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9539-4070
University of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Visual Phenotyping CoreP30EY003039 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI LAWRENCE C SINCICH · 1985 to 2026
$16.9M
Scleral Remodeling in MyopiaR01EY026588 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Rafael Grytz · 2016 to 2026
$4.1M
The influence of ocular remodeling on glaucomaR01EY027759 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI GRYTZ, RAFAEL, SAMUELS, BRIAN CHRISTOPHER · 2017 to 2021
$2.3M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY003039NEI NIH HHS R01 EY026588NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027759
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMyopia progression is thought to involve biomechanical weakening of the sclera, which leads to irreversible deformations and axial elongation of the eye. Scleral crosslinking has been proposed as a potential treatment option for myopia control by strengthening the mechanically weakened sclera. The biomechanical mechanism by which the sclera weakens during myopia and strengthens after crosslinking is not fully understood. Here, we assess the effect of lens-induced myopia and exogenous crosslinking using genipin on the inelastic mechanical properties of the tree shrew sclera measured by cyclic tensile tests.

methodsCyclic tensile tests were performed on 2-mm wide scleral strips at physiological loading conditions (50 cycles, 0-3.3 g, 30 s cycle

results-5D lens treatment significantly increased the cyclic softening response of the sclera when compared to contralateral control eyes (0.10% ± 0.029%, mean ± standard error, P = 0.037). Exogenous crosslinking of the lens treated sclera significantly decreased the cyclic softening response (-0.12% ± 0.014%, P = 2.2 × 10

conclusionsResults indicated that cyclic tensile loading leads to an inelastic, cyclic softening of the juvenile tree shrew sclera. The softening rate increased during lens-induced myopia and was diminished after genipin crosslinking. This finding suggests that axial elongation in myopia may involve a biomechanical weakening mechanism that increased the cyclic softening response of the sclera, which was inhibited by scleral crosslinking using genipin.

Indexed as

AdhesivesAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaCross-Linking ReagentsDisease Models, AnimalDisease ProgressionIridoidsMyopiaRefraction, OcularScleraTensile StrengthTupaiidaeAdhesivesCross-Linking ReagentsgenipinIridoidsbiomechanicsmyopiasclerascleral crosslinking

Identifiers

PMID29691925
PMCPMC6044279
OpenAlexW2800592702

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.