ReviewPain and therapy2018
A Brief History of the Opioid Epidemic and Strategies for Pain Medicine.
Review in Pain and therapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07076069 (The Effect of Multimodal Pain Regimen on Use of Narcotics After Rotator Cuff Tear Repair), which is not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Multimodal Pain Regimen on Use of Narcotics After Rotator Cuff Tear Repair
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Combatting opioid misuse, overuse and abuse: a systematic review of pharmacists' services and outcomes.Pain management · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Pain Management Education in Graduate Medical Education.Journal of graduate medical education · 2022Pooled it
- 5th ESO-ESMO international consensus guidelines for advanced breast cancer (ABC 5).Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2020Guideline
- Public target interventions to reduce the inappropriate use of medicines or medical procedures: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of the effectiveness of employer-led interventions for drug misuse.Journal of occupational health · 2020Pooled it
- Opioid prescription patterns in Germany and the global opioid epidemic: Systematic review of available evidence.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Auricular point acupressure for older adults with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2025Trial
- Strategies to Deimplement Opioid Prescribing in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Reducing Opioid Use for Chronic Pain With a Group-Based Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA · 2023Trial
- A Novel Faster-Acting, Dry Powder-Based, Naloxone Intranasal Formulation for Opioid Overdose.Pharmaceutical research · 2022Trial
- Reducing prescribing of benzodiazepines in older adults: a comparison of four physician-focused interventions by a medical regulatory authority.BMC family practice · 2021Trial
- Latent Classes of Substance Use in Young Adult Survivors of Child Maltreatment and Adversity: A 20-Year Prospective Investigation.Child maltreatment · 2026Article
- Novel 2-Benzylbenzimidazole Opioids: Emerging Drugs of Abuse and Pharmacological Considerations with Nitazene Analogs.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Outcomes of an opioid reduction tool among patients with chronic noncancer pain in primary care.Family practice · 2026Article
- Relationships among childhood trauma, central sensitization, and opioid-related risks in a community sample of adults with chronic pain on opioids.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Novel objective-subjective pain assessment score results in decreased opioid prescription after elective spine surgery: a prospective pilot study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- Effects of two structurally diverse positive allosteric modulators on signaling bias at the μ-opioid receptor.Molecular pharmacology · 2025Article
- Methylphenidate as a Novel Adjunct in Opioid-Taking Patients: Insights into Dopaminergic Neuroadaptation and Hypoactive Delirium.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Pharmacological evaluation of physcion as a TRPV1 inhibitor with multimodal analgesic efficacy in experimental pain models.Biological research · 2025Article
- A learning health system model for addressing substance use: Denver Health Center for Addiction Medicine.Learning health systems · 2025Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The opioid epidemic has resulted from myriad causes and will not be solved by any simple solution. Consequent to a staggering increase in opioid-related deaths in the USA, various governmental inputs and stakeholder strategies have been proposed and implemented with varying success. This article summarizes the history of opioid use and explores the causes for the present day epidemic. Recent trends in opioid-related data demonstrate an almost fourfold increase in overdose deaths from 1999 to 2008. Tragically, opioids claimed over 64,000 lives just last year. Some solutions have undergone legislation, including the limitation of numbers of opioids postsurgery, as well as growing national prevalence of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols which focus on reduced postoperative opioid consumption and shortened hospital stays. Stricter prescribing practices and prescription monitoring programs have been instituted in the recent past. Improvement in abuse deterrent strategies which is a major focus of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for all opioid preparations will likely play an important role by increasing the safety of these medications. Future potential strategies such as additional legislative policies, public awareness, and physician education are also detailed in this review.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.