Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29691720›Full record

ArticleJournal of abnormal child psychology2019

Invariance of ADHD Symptoms Across Sex and Age: a Latent Analysis of ADHD and Impairment Ratings from Early Childhood into Adolescence.

Daniel R Leopold, Micaela E Christopher, Richard K Olson, Stephen A Petrill, Erik G Willcutt

Abstract readTwin Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of abnormal child psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
  4. Reproducible Temperament Profiles in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Prospectively Predict Clinical Outcomes.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Daniel R LeopoldDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA. Daniel.Leopold@colorado.edu.
Micaela E ChristopherDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA.
Richard K OlsonDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA.
Stephen A PetrillDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Erik G WillcuttDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA.

Funding

VALIDITY OF SUBTYPES OF ADHDP50HD027802 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI ERIK G WILLCUTT · 1990 to 2026
$44.9M
Longitudinal Twin Study of Early Reading Development (supplement)R01HD038526 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI OLSON, RICHARD K · 2000 to 2010
$4.2M
Etiology and Neuropsychology of Math, Reading, ADHD, and their CovariationR01HD068728 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI PETRILL, STEPHEN A., WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2011 to 2015
$3.0M
Neurobiological Underpinnings of Math and Reading Comorbidity: A Twin StudyR24HD075460 · NICHD · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI PETRILL, STEPHEN A. · 2012 to 2015
$2.4M
Testing the Predictive Power of Structural Neuroimaging in the Estimation of Individuals' Reading and Attentional AbilitiesF31HD091967 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI LEOPOLD, DANIEL · 2017 to 2018
$72k
NICHD NIH HHS F31 HD091967NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD027802NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD038526NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD068728NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD075460
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A population-based longitudinal sample of 489 twin pairs was assessed at six time points over ten years to examine the measurement invariance and stability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, as well as the developmental relations between inattention (IN), hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI), and multiple aspects of functional impairment. Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms and functional impairment were obtained in preschool and after the completion of kindergarten, first, second, fourth, and ninth grades. Results of the temporal and sex invariance models indicated that parent ratings of the 18 ADHD symptoms function in the same manner for females and males from early childhood into adolescence. In addition to establishing this prerequisite condition for the interpretation of longitudinal and between-sex differences in the IN and HI symptom dimensions, cross-lagged models indicated that both IN and HI were associated with increased risk for both concurrent and future overall, social, and recreational impairment, whereas only IN was uniquely associated with later academic impairment. Taken together, the current results demonstrate that IN and HI are highly stable from preschool through ninth grade, invariant between females and males, and indicative of risk for impairment in multiple areas, thereby providing strong support for the validity of the symptom dimensions among both sexes.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionAdolescentAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleGenderHyperactivityImpairmentInattentionInvarianceLongitudinal

Identifiers

PMID29691720
PMCPMC6202270

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.