ArticleJMIR research protocols2018
Addressing Participant Validity in a Small Internet Health Survey (The Restore Study): Protocol and Recommendations for Survey Response Validation.
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Mitigating fraud in a fully decentralized clinical trial of a digital health intervention.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Trial
- Bot or Not? Detecting and Managing Participant Deception When Conducting Digital Research Remotely: Case Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Detecting and Mitigating Fraudulent Participation: Lessons Learned from a Mixed Methods Study.Journal of mixed methods research · 2026Article
- Enhancing Data Integrity in Online Health Surveys Through Multilayered Security Measures: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Validation of Comprehensive Prostate Cancer Assessment on Sexual Health for Men Who Have Sex With Men (COMPASS).JU open plus · 2026Article
- Well-Being at the University: The Contribution of Social and Emotional Competence and Self-Care Practices as Seen by Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Detecting and Preventing Fraudulent Participation in Qualitative Research: Content Analysis of Two Multisite Studies.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Identifying and Analyzing Bot-Generated Responses in Online Health Care Surveys: Methodological Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Using Epidemiological Test Diagnostics to Select Fraud Detection Methods: Secondary Analysis of Quantitative Cross-Sectional Survey Data.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Safeguarding Data Integrity in Online Podiatry Research: Understanding and Managing Non-Genuine Participation.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Article
- Validation and adaptation of the self-perceived food literacy scale (SPFL) among Hebrew and Arabic speaking women in Israel.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Addressing Survey Fraud in Online Health Research: A Case Study of Latine Sexual Minority Men.Research in nursing & health · 2025Article
- Increasing Rigor in Online Health Surveys Through the Reduction of Fraudulent Data.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Mind the (Social and Emotional Competence) Gap to Support Higher Education Students' Well-Being: Psychometric Properties of the SECAB-A(S).European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- It's raining bots: how easier access to internet surveys has created the perfect storm.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Cannabis Use and Disclosure in the Oncology Setting: A Cross-Sectional Survey Exploring Information Needs Among Cancer Survivors.Clinical journal of oncology nursing · 2025Article
- Assessment of Fraud Deterrence and Detection Procedures Used in a Web-Based Survey Study With Adult Black Cisgender Women: Description of Lessons Learned and Recommendations.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Perceived Stress, Well-Being, and Academic Performance of University Students During the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study of Portuguese, Spanish, and Brazilian Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of digital tools in rare disease management: An interview-based study.Journal of genetic counseling · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile deduplication and cross-validation protocols have been recommended for large Web-based studies, protocols for survey response validation of smaller studies have not been published.
objectiveThis paper reports the challenges of survey validation inherent in a small Web-based health survey research.
methodsThe subject population was North American, gay and bisexual, prostate cancer survivors, who represent an under-researched, hidden, difficult-to-recruit, minority-within-a-minority population. In 2015-2016, advertising on a large Web-based cancer survivor support network, using email and social media, yielded 478 completed surveys.
resultsOur manual deduplication and cross-validation protocol identified 289 survey submissions (289/478, 60.4%) as likely spam, most stemming from advertising on social media. The basic components of this deduplication and validation protocol are detailed. An unexpected challenge encountered was invalid survey responses evolving across the study period. This necessitated the static detection protocol be augmented with a dynamic one.
conclusionsFive recommendations for validation of Web-based samples, especially with smaller difficult-to-recruit populations, are detailed.
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