ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Reciprocal Associations between Electronic Media Use and Behavioral Difficulties in Preschoolers.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of mobile phones and wireless devices use on children and adolescents' mental health: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- All in the Family? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parenting and Family Environment as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Screen Time With Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children 12 Years or Younger: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The Correlation Between Internet Addiction and Interpersonal Relationship Among Teenagers and College Students Based on Pearson's Correlation Coefficient: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- The relationship between screen-based sedentary behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth: a systematic review of moderating variables.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Visual stimulation by extensive visual media consumption can be beneficial for motor learning.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Longitudinal associations between maternal depression, problematic media use, and parenting efficacy as a time-varying mediator.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026Article
- Family ecological influences on early childhood development in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Parental Influence on Children's Media Use in South Korea: National Population-Based Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- The Association Between Parental Phubbing and Preschoolers' Excessive Electronic Media Use: The Chain Mediating Role of Parent-Child Attachment and Self-Control.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of the Parental Media Motivations (MEMO) Scales for Child and Parent Media Use in the United States.Journal of children and media · 2026Article
- [Risks for behavioral problems in preschool children-from the perspective of parents and school doctors].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Article
- Performance on an attention test is positively related to reading but negatively related to watching TV and playing video games in children.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Trajectories of Physical Activity and Screen Media Use in Toddlers and Related Parenting Practices: Child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS).Research square · 2025Article
- Testing Bidirectional Associations Between Screen Time and Inattention/Hyperactivity Symptoms From Childhood to Adulthood in a Brazilian Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Association between the duration of mothers' digital media use while with their children and two-year-old children's development from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Parenting Practices and Well-Being and Health Behaviors Among Young Asian American Children.JAMA network open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of electronic media has increased substantially and is already observable in young children. The present study explored associations of preschoolers’ use of electronic media with age, gender, and socio-economic status, investigated time trends, and examined reciprocal longitudinal relations between children’s use of electronic media and their behavioral difficulties. The study participants included 527 German two- to six-year-old children whose parents had provided information on their use of electronic media and their behavioral difficulties at two time points, with approximately 12 months between baseline and follow-up. The analyses revealed that older vs. younger children, as well as children from families with a lower vs. higher socio-economic status, were more often reported to use electronic media. Furthermore, the usage of mobile phones increased significantly between 2011 and 2016. Most interestingly, baseline usage of computer/Internet predicted more emotional and conduct problems at follow-up, and baseline usage of mobile phones was associated with more conduct problems and hyperactivity or inattention at follow-up. Peer relationship problems at baseline, on the other hand, increased the likelihood of using computer/Internet and mobile phones at follow-up. The findings indicate that preschoolers’ use of electronic media, especially newer media such as computer/Internet and mobile phones, and their behavioral difficulties are mutually related over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.