ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2018
The Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Down Syndrome (BPSD-DS) Scale: Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathology in Down Syndrome.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Instruments in Spanish to Assess the Mental Health of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. A Systematic Review.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Dementia in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Plasma amyloid and tau as dementia biomarkers in Down syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analyses.Developmental neurobiology · 2019Pooled it
- Autism and Dementia: A Summative Report from the 2nd International Summit on Intellectual Disabilities and Dementia.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Review
- Multiomics and proteomic insights into Alzheimer's disease biology in Down syndrome.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Anticholinergic Burden in Individuals with Down Syndrome: An Examination of Risk and Clinical Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer's disease progression in Down syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Exploring peripheral fluid biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A literature review.Heliyon · 2025Review
- AT(N) biomarker profiles and Alzheimer's disease symptomology in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Dementia in People with Severe/Profound Intellectual (And Multiple) Disabilities, and Its Natural History.Journal of mental health research in intellectual disabilities · 2024Article
- Unraveling Down Syndrome: From Genetic Anomaly to Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Diagnosis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Common mental health disorders and cognitive decline in a longitudinal Down syndrome cohort.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Assessing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a comprehensive review of current options and future perspectives.Frontiers in dementia · 2023Review
- Delusion of Pregnancy in Down Syndrome: Two Case Reports.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Psychosocial Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease in Patients with Down Syndrome and Their Association with Brain Changes: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2022Review
- Alzheimer's disease associated with Down syndrome: a genetic form of dementia.The Lancet. Neurology · 2021Review
- Dementia in people with severe or profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities: Focus group research into relevance, symptoms and training needs.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2021Article
- The Clinical and Neuropathological Features of Sporadic (Late-Onset) and Genetic Forms of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- The Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Down Syndrome Scale (BPSD-DS II): Optimization and Further Validation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- Astrocytes in Down Syndrome Across the Lifespan.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS) are prone to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are core features, but have not been comprehensively evaluated in DS. In a European multidisciplinary study, the novel Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Down Syndrome (BPSD-DS) scale was developed to identify frequency and severity of behavioral changes taking account of life-long characteristic behavior. 83 behavioral items in 12 clinically defined sections were evaluated. The central aim was to identify items that change in relation to the dementia status, and thus may differentiate between diagnostic groups. Structured interviews were conducted with informants of persons with DS without dementia (DS, n = 149), with questionable dementia (DS+Q, n = 65), and with diagnosed dementia (DS+AD, n = 67). First exploratory data suggest promising interrater, test-retest, and internal consistency reliability measures. Concerning item relevance, group comparisons revealed pronounced increases in frequency and severity in items of anxiety, sleep disturbances, agitation & stereotypical behavior, aggression, apathy, depressive symptoms, and eating/drinking behavior. The proportion of individuals presenting an increase was highest in DS+AD, intermediate in DS+Q, and lowest in DS. Interestingly, among DS+Q individuals, a substantial proportion already presented increased anxiety, sleep disturbances, apathy, and depressive symptoms, suggesting that these changes occur early in the course of AD. Future efforts should optimize the scale based on current results and clinical experiences, and further study applicability, reliability, and validity. Future application of the scale in daily care may aid caregivers to understand changes, and contribute to timely interventions and adaptation of caregiving.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.