ArticlePain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2019
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Evaluation and Management of Pain in the Outpatient Setting, 2006-2015.
Article in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2022Guideline
- Patient, Provider, and Clinic Characteristics Associated with Opioid and Non-Opioid Pain Prescriptions for Patients Receiving Low Back Imaging in Primary Care.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMTrial
- Trends in opioid prescribing after shoulder arthroplasty in an integrated health system: an analysis across racial and ethnic groups.Journal of shoulder and elbow arthroplasty · 2026Article
- Race as a determinant of clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis in the United States.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Disparities associated with race and ethnicity in pain management: a scoping review.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Article
- Using Participatory Methods to Create Informational Videos for Inclusive Brain Stimulation Research Recruitment: Action Research Study and Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of participatory medicine · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Pain Management Among Older Cancer Survivors.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Patient-Level Characteristics Associated with Opioid Use for Chronic Pain.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Trends and Disparities in the Use of Opioid, Gabapentinoid, and Nonpharmacologic Pain Therapies Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Acute Low Back Pain, 2016-2019.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2025Article
- Patient Diagnostic Journey and Time to Diagnosis in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using US Claims Data.Rheumatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Variability in trends of opioid-related hospital utilization among U.S. Adults, 2016-2021 check.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Towards a more equitable future: development, implementation, and evaluation of a novel e-course on racial disparities in pain management for medical students.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Disparities in Time to Diagnosis of Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis.The Journal of rheumatology · 2025Observational
- Enhancing Equity in Clinical Research: A Multifaceted Proposal for Spondyloarthritis.The Journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Race and ethnic disparities arthroplasty trends and hotspots: Bibliometric analysis.Journal of orthopaedics · 2024Article
- High-risk use of prescription opioids among patients treated for alcohol problems in New York State. A repeated cross-sectional study, 2005-2018.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Cannabis and opioid perceptions, co-use, and substitution among patients across 4 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Article
- Pain Care Disparities and the Use of Virtual Care Among Racial-Ethnic Minority Groups During COVID-19.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Trends in Racial Inequalities in the Administration of Opioid and Non-opioid Pain Medication in US Emergency Departments Across 1999-2020.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMuch is known about racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of opioids for pain in emergency departments. Less is known about such disparities in the evaluation and management of pain in the outpatient setting.
methodsUsing the nationally representative National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), we estimated disparities in visit time with physicians and opioid receipt in the outpatient setting. We focused on patients whose reason for visiting was abdominal pain or back pain. Our sample included 4,764 white patients, 692 black patients, and 682 Hispanic patients.
resultsBack pain visits of Hispanic patients lasted 1.6 fewer minutes than those of white non-Hispanic patients (P = 0.04 for the difference). Black patients were 6.0% less likely than white patients to receive opioids for abdominal pain (P = 0.04 for the difference) and 7.1% less likely than white patients to receive opioids for back pain (P = 0.046 for the difference). Hispanic patients were 6.3% less likely than white patients to receive opioids for abdominal pain (P = 0.003 for the difference) and 14.8% less likely than white patients to receive opioids for back pain (P < 0.001 for the difference). Hispanic patients were more likely than white patients to receive nonopioids instead of opioids for both abdominal pain and back pain. Differences in opioid receipt did not narrow during the examined time period.
conclusionsIdentifying causes of racial and ethnic disparities in the evaluation and treatment of pain in the outpatient setting is important to improving the health and function of patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.