ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2018
Development, Construct Validity, and Predictive Validity of a Continuous Frailty Scale: Results From 2 Large US Cohorts.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health-related quality of life measures provide information on the contributors, components, and consequences of frailty in HIV: a systematic mapping review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying older adults with frailty approaching end-of-life: A systematic review.Palliative medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Instruments for the detection of frailty syndrome in older adults: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Empowering Older Adults Through Values-Informed Solutions for Technology Adoption: Protocol for a Feasibility and Acceptability Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Performance-Based and Self-Reported Frailty in Older Adults with or Without Fibromyalgia.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOPi): A Population-Based Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Mapping the Final Journey: End-Of-Life Frailty Trajectories and Cause of Death.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Practical Considerations in the Management of Frail Older People with Diabetes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Frailty in Geriatrics: A Critical Review with Content Analysis of Instruments, Overlapping Constructs, and Challenges in Diagnosis and Prognostic Precision.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Development and internal validation of an age less-dependent frailty score in the cardiovascular health study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Frailty Detection in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Scoping Review of Assessment Tools and Their Link to Key Clinical Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Stop The Falls! A framework for injury prevention outreach for older adults presented by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Geriatric Trauma and Injury Prevention Committees.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2024Article
- Epigenetic and Metabolomic Biomarkers for Biological Age: A Comparative Analysis of Mortality and Frailty Risk.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- A review of frailty instruments in human medicine and proposal of a frailty instrument for dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Prediction of physical functioning and general health status trajectories on mortality among persons with cognitive impairment.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of the Chinese Frailty Screening Scale: A Study among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Shanghai.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet and high intake of total carotenoids reduces the odds of frailty over 11 years in older adults: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Change in Frailty in MOBILIZE Boston.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Cardiometabolic diseases, frailty, and healthcare utilization and expenditure in community-dwelling Chinese older adults.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related clinical syndrome of decreased resilience to stressors. Among numerous assessments of frailty, the frailty phenotype (FP) scale proposed by Fried et al. has been the most widely used. We aimed to develop a continuous frailty scale that could overcome limitations facing the categorical FP scale and to evaluate its construct validity, predictive validity, and measurement properties. Data were from the Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 4,243) and Health and Retirement Study (n = 7,600), both conducted in the United States. Frailty was conceptualized as a continuous construct, assessed by 5 measures used in the FP scale: gait speed, grip strength, exhaustion, physical activity, and weight loss. We used confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the relationship between the 5 indicators and the latent frailty construct. We examined the association of the continuous frailty scale with mortality and disability. The unidimensional model fit the data satisfactorily; similar factor structure was observed across 2 cohorts. Gait speed and weight loss were the strongest and weakest indicators, respectively; grip strength, exhaustion, and physical activity had similar strength in measuring frailty. In each cohort, the continuous frailty scale was strongly associated with mortality and disability and continued to be associated with outcomes among robust and prefrail persons classified by the FP scale.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.