ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2018
Reduced Nasal Viral Load and IFN Responses in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis and Respiratory Failure.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- CCL5 Levels, Disease Progression, and Mortality in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and Antiviral Effects of Nebulized PC786 in a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Challenge Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Niche-specific immune and microbial signatures across the healthy upper respiratory tract mucosa.iScience · 2026Article
- Age-dependent expression and antiviral activity of interferon epsilon in respiratory epithelium.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Unique nasal cell states induced by common pediatric respiratory viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mucosal IL-36 is a defining feature of severe paediatric bronchiolitis.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Viral and Host-Related Factors in the Nasal Inflammatory Response to Critical Bronchiolitis in Infants and Children.Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2026Article
- A systems immunology approach reveals divergent immune profiles of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- The Complexity of Immunoglobulin A Immune Responses in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Viruses · 2026Review
- Effects of metabolic syndrome on pulmonary infection in pediatric bronchial asthma: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- RSV-infected children with mixed infections: clinical features and early predictive indicators of codetection withFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- When defense backfires: inflammatory determinants of RSV-induced disease severity.Future virology · 2026Article
- Down Syndrome Alters Type III IFN and Proinflammatory Airway Epithelial Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Limited nasal IFN production contributes to delayed respiratory virus clearance and suboptimal vaccine responses.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Unraveling the mechanisms of virus-induced asthma exacerbation: epithelial injury, immune dysregulation, and novel interventions.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- A Multimodal AI Framework for Automated Multiclass Lung Disease Diagnosis from Respiratory Sounds with Simulated Biomarker Fusion and Personalized Medication Recommendation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Age Matters: Key Contributors to Interferon Toxicity in Infants During Influenza Virus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- What goes up must come down: dynamics of type 1 interferon signaling across the lifespan.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A contemporary strain of RSV activates primary human monocytes after abortive infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Failure in Children: A Clinical Update on Diagnosis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infancy. Severe disease is believed to result from uncontrolled viral replication, an excessive immune response, or both.
objectivesTo determine RSV load and immune mediator levels in nasal mucosal lining fluid by serial sampling of nasal fluids from cases of moderate and severe bronchiolitis over the course of infection.
methodsInfants with viral bronchiolitis necessitating admission (n = 55) were recruited from a pediatric center during 2016 and 2017. Of these, 30 were RSV infected (18 "moderate" and 12 mechanically ventilated "severe"). Nasal fluids were sampled frequently over time using nasosorption devices and nasopharyngeal aspiration. Hierarchical clustering of time-weighted averages was performed to investigate cytokine and chemokine levels, and gene expression profiling was conducted. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsUnexpectedly, cases with severe RSV bronchiolitis had lower nasal viral loads and reduced IFN-γ and C-C chemokine ligand 5/RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) levels than those with moderate disease, especially when allowance was made for disease duration (all P < 0.05). Reduced cytokine/chemokine levels in severe disease were also seen in children with other viral infections. Gene expression analysis of nasopharyngeal aspiration samples (n = 43) confirmed reduced type-I IFN gene expression in severe bronchiolitis accompanied by enhanced expression of MUC5AC and IL17A.
conclusionsInfants with severe RSV bronchiolitis have lower nasal viral load, CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10)/IP-10, and type-I IFN levels than moderately ill children, but enhanced MUC5AC (mucin-5AC) and IL17A gene expression in nasal cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.