ReviewFrontiers in public health2018
Self-Sampling for Human Papillomavirus Testing: Increased Cervical Cancer Screening Participation and Incorporation in International Screening Programs.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Health Education Programs for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Rural Communities: Implications for Promoting Health Equity.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2024Pooled it
- HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: a systematic review of values and preferences.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Validation of a Vaginal Cervical Cancer Screening Self-Collection Method for At-Home Use: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Self-sampling tools to increase cancer screening among underserved patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Trial
- Effect of HPV self-collection kits on cervical cancer screening uptake among under-screened women from low-income US backgrounds (MBMT-3): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Public health · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Female allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant survivors' perspectives on cervical cancer screening: a retrospective study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Perceived barriers and facilitators to conventional cervical screening: a qualitative study among women, primary health workers and community representatives in Uganda.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Quality and Suitability of Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Samples for Human Papillomavirus Testing: A Prospective Matched Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Women's preferences and concerns on HPV screening sampling methods for cervical cancer in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- HOme-based self-sampling for cervical cancer prevention education among women living with HIV in Ghana (HOPE-inG): study protocol for a cluster-randomized type 2 hybrid effectiveness implementation trial.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cultural and religious influences on parental knowledge of HPV infection and female vaccination in Egypt: a national cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- UniCAS: A foundation model for cervical cytology screening.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- High-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus detection in self-collected samples compared to clinician-collected samples in a Polish population.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cervical cancer patients' vaginal microbiome and metabolites: research progress and clinical applications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Women's preferences for HPV self-sampling in cervical cancer screening: a discrete choice experiment.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Predictive modeling for cervical cancer: existing AI approaches and the emerging role of vaginal microbiome.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Efforts to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening in the absence of a national programme in Ghana: a qualitative study of stakeholders' experience.BMC public health · 2025Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In most industrialized countries, screening programs for cervical cancer have shifted from cytology (Pap smear or ThinPrep) alone on clinician-obtained samples to the addition of screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), its main causative agent. For HPV testing, self-sampling instead of clinician-sampling has proven to be equally accurate, in particular for assays that use nucleic acid amplification techniques. In addition, HPV testing of self-collected samples in combination with a follow-up Pap smear in case of a positive result is more effective in detecting precancerous lesions than a Pap smear alone. Self-sampling for HPV testing has already been adopted by some countries, while others have started trials to evaluate its incorporation into national cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling may result in more individuals willing to participate in cervical cancer screening, because it removes many of the barriers that prevent women, especially those in low socioeconomic and minority populations, from participating in regular screening programs. Several studies have shown that the majority of women who have been underscreened but who tested HPV-positive in a self-obtained sample will visit a clinic for follow-up diagnosis and management. In addition, a self-collected sample can also be used for vaginal microbiome analysis, which can provide additional information about HPV infection persistence as well as vaginal health in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.