SynthesisJournal of graduate medical education2018
Leadership Training in Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of graduate medical education, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Leadership training in healthcare: a systematic umbrella review.BMJ leader · 2025Pooled it
- Leadership training programs in graduate medical education: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2020Pooled it
- Leadership program with skills training for general practitioners was highly accepted without improving job satisfaction: the cluster randomized IMPROVEjob study.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Curriculum Innovation: A Leadership Training Curriculum for Neurology Residents.Neurology. Education · 2026Article
- Article
- Towards patient-centered healthcare: a scoping review of soft skills training in medical schools.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Developing quality improvement awareness, skills, and emerging leadership behaviors through clinical audits in postgraduate medical education.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Article
- Addressing Conceptual Gaps in Physician Leadership Development: A Critical Perspective.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2026Article
- Leadership Skills Training in Physicians: Comparison to a Control Group.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2026Article
- From Personal Readiness to Systems Change: Progressive Clinician Cross-Competency Development in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2026Article
- Leadership Training in Family Medicine.Family medicine · 2026Article
- Study on strategies to improve clinical fellow training satisfaction based on importance-performance analysis (IPA).BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Exploring the "led" in health professional student-led experiences: a scoping review.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2025Article
- Development of a Generalist Competency Framework for Medical Education Leaders in Longitudinal Integrated Curricula (LILIC).Medical science educator · 2025Article
- Identifying general surgery trainees' perception of leadership, leadership needs, and development of a leadership curriculum.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025Article
- Development of a leadership and management module for the undergraduate medical curriculum.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring medical students' perceptions of individual and group-based clinical reasoning with virtual patients: a qualitative study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- A Novel Leadership Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents.Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeadership is a critical component of physician competence, yet the best approaches for developing leadership skills for physicians in training remain undefined.
objectiveWe systematically reviewed the literature on existing leadership curricula in graduate medical education (GME) to inform leadership program development.
methodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, ERIC, EMBASE, and MedEdPORTAL through October 2015 using search terms to capture GME leadership curricula. Abstracts were reviewed for relevance, and included studies were retrieved for full-text analysis. Article quality was assessed using the Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) index.
resultsA total of 3413 articles met the search criteria, and 52 were included in the analysis. Article quality was low, with 21% (11 of 52) having a BEME score of 4 or 5. Primary care specialties were the most represented (58%, 30 of 52). The majority of programs were open to all residents (81%, 42 of 52). Projects and use of mentors or coaches were components of 46% and 48% of curricula, respectively. Only 40% (21 of 52) were longitudinal throughout training. The most frequent pedagogic methods were lectures, small group activities, and cases. Common topics included teamwork, leadership models, and change management. Evaluation focused on learner satisfaction and self-assessed knowledge. Longitudinal programs were more likely to be successful.
conclusionsGME leadership curricula are heterogeneous and limited in effectiveness. Small group teaching, project-based learning, mentoring, and coaching were more frequently used in higher-quality studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.