Observational studyBMJ open2018
Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood growth and overweight: results from a large Norwegian prospective observational cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy with low birth weight, childhood overweight, and obesity: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Caffeine Consumption and Pregnancy Outcomes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- The Fetal Effect of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy-A Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and child development: Longitudinal results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Associations between health behaviours, fertility and reproductive outcomes: triangulation of evidence in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Maternal prenatal cholesterol levels predict offspring weight trajectories during childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy With Child Growth.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Article
- Prenatal caffeine exposure: association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 9- to 11-year-old children.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Article
- Maternal caffeine intake and DNA methylation in newborn cord blood.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Diet quality of Norwegian children at 3 and 7 years: changes, predictors and longitudinal association with weight.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
- Effects of Neonatal Caffeine Administration on Vessel Reactivity in Adult Mice.American journal of perinatology · 2021Article
- Caffeine use during pregnancy: prevalence of use and newborn consequences in a cohort of French pregnant women.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
- Associations of prenatal metabolomics profiles with early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk in African Americans: the CANDLE study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
- Maternal caffeine consumption and pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review with implications for advice to mothers and mothers-to-be.BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2021Review
- Association Between Maternal Caffeine Consumption and Metabolism and Neonatal Anthropometry: A Secondary Analysis of the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Maternal Caffeine Intake Disrupts Eggshell Integrity and Retards Larval Development by Reducing Yolk Production in aNutrients · 2020Article
- Associations of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy with abdominal and liver fat deposition in childhood.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
- Impacts of Caffeine during Pregnancy.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo study the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the child's weight gain and overweight risk up to 8 years.
designProspective nationwide pregnancy cohort.
settingThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.
participantsA total of 50 943 mothers recruited from 2002 to 2008 and their children, after singleton pregnancies, with information about average caffeine intake assessed at mid-pregnancy. OUTCOME MEASURE: Child's body size information at 11 age points from 6 weeks to 8 years. We defined excess growth in infancy as a WHO weight gain z-score of >0.67 from birth to age 1 year, and overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force. We used a growth model to assess individual growth trajectories.
resultsCompared with pregnant women with low caffeine intake (<50 mg/day, 46%), women with average (50-199 mg/day, 44%), high (≥200-299 mg/day, 7%) and very high (≥300 mg/day, 3%) caffeine intakes had an increased risk of their child experiencing excess growth in infancy, after adjustment for confounders (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22, OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.45, OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.93, respectively). In utero exposure to any caffeine was associated with higher risk of overweight at age 3 years and 5 years, while the association persisted at 8 years, only for very high exposures. Any caffeine intake was associated with increased body mass index from infancy to childhood. Children prenatally exposed to caffeine intake >200 mg/day had consistently higher weight. Very high caffeine exposures were associated with higher weight gain velocity from infancy to age 8 years.
conclusionAny caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of excess infant growth and of childhood overweight, mainly at preschool ages. Maternal caffeine intake may modify the overall weight growth trajectory of the child from birth to 8 years. This study adds supporting evidence for the current advice to reduce caffeine intake during pregnancy.
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