SynthesisBMC neurology2018
Predictors of post-stroke fever and infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- European stroke organisation guideline on stroke-associated pneumonia.European stroke journal · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- Intensified Oral Hygiene Care in Stroke-Associated Pneumonia: A Pilot Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingTrial
- Advances in stroke-associated pneumonia in the era of revascularization therapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Temporal Patterns of Fever Onset as an Indicator of Etiology in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Frontiers and literature review on non-aspiration stroke-associated infections.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Review
- Association between living arrangements and health outcomes among stroke survivors in China.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Elevated initial blood kynurenine is associated with increased odds of post-stroke infection: Kynurenine and post-stroke infection.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2025Article
- Clinical novel exploration of intractable fever in stroke rehabilitation: a single-center cross-sectional retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Integrating phase-rectified signal averaging with machine learning to predict stroke-associated infections: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- A prediction for sepsis in adult patients with severe cerebrovascular disease from neurological intensive care unit.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Predictive modelling of hospital-acquired infection in acute ischemic stroke using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of Home-Based Daily Respiratory Muscle Training on Swallowing Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The early prognostic value of the 1-4-day BCM/PA trend after admission in neurocritical patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bacterial stroke-associated pneumonia: microbiological analysis and mortality outcome.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Identification of risk factors and construction of a nomogram predictive model for post-stroke infection in patients with acute ischemic stroke.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- A novel score for early prediction of urinary tract infection risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a nomogram-based retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for the Development of Pneumonia in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Infection, Inflammation, and Poststroke Cognitive Impairment.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFever after stroke is common, and often caused by infections. In the current study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that pneumonia, urinary tract infection and all-cause fever (thought to include at least some proportion of endogenous fever) have different predicting factors, since they differ regarding etiology.
methodsPubMed was searched systematically for articles describing predictors for post-stroke pneumonia, urinary tract infection and all-cause fever. A total of 5294 articles were manually assessed; first by title, then by abstract and finally by full text. Data was extracted from each study, and for variables reported in 3 or more articles, a meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.
resultsFifty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. It was found that post-stroke pneumonia is predicted by age OR 1.07 (1.04-1.11), male sex OR 1.42 (1.17-1.74), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) OR 1.07 (1.05-1.09), dysphagia OR 3.53 (2.69-4.64), nasogastric tube OR 5.29 (3.01-9.32), diabetes OR 1.15 (1.08-1.23), mechanical ventilation OR 4.65 (2.50-8.65), smoking OR 1.16 (1.08-1.26), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) OR 4.48 (1.82-11.00) and atrial fibrillation OR 1.37 (1.22-1.55). An opposite relation to sex may exist for UTI, which seems to be more common in women.
conclusionsThe lack of studies simultaneously studying a wide range of predictors for UTI or all-cause fever calls for future research in this area. The importance of new research would be to improve our understanding of fever complications to facilitate greater vigilance, monitoring, prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.