ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2018
The Assessment and Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Treatment Strategies for Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Drug Efficacy in the Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Medication-Induced Akathisia with Newly Approved Antipsychotics in Patients with a Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.CNS drugs · 2019Pooled it
- Reducing Adverse Drug Reactions for Older People in the Community: Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the ADRe Profile.Journal of nursing management · 2025Trial
- Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stages.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Strategic Timing of Resistance Training to Guard Against Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Syndrome (START GAAIMS): A Feasibility Study Protocol.HRB open research · 2026Article
- Cariprazine as a candidate for drug repurposing in anorexia nervosa: a mechanistic hypothesis grounded in neuroimaging evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Case Series of Akathisia in Palliative Medicine: Patient Perspective and Efficacy of Procyclidine in Diagnosis and Management.The American journal of hospice & palliative care · 2025Article
- Article
- Correlation of Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Pharmacogenetic Profiles in Optimizing Personalized Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Psychotic Disorders.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Clozapine-induced acute akathisia: A case report.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Article
- Reassessing mirtazapine and akathisia: A case report on its efficacy in treating severe, treatment-resistant akathisia and a review of the evidence.SAGE open medical case reports · 2024Article
- Stakeholder views on mindfulness for youth at risk for psychosis.International journal of mental health nursing · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Olanzapine in Anxiety Dimension of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Metoprolol Inhibits Developmental Brain Sterol Biosynthesis in Mice.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Differentiating tardive dyskinesia: a video-based review of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in clinical practice.CNS spectrums · 2022Review
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Medical Emergencies Associated with Psychotropic Medications.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2022Article
- Factors influencing the outcome of integrated therapy approach in schizophrenia: A narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAkathisia is a common and distressing neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with antipsychotic medication, characterised by subjective and objective psychomotor restlessness. The goal of this guideline is to provide clinicians with recommendations on the assessment and treatment of akathisia.
methodsWe performed a systematic review of therapeutic studies assessing the treatment of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. Forty studies on akathisia and 4 systematic reviews evaluating the adverse effects of antipsychotics were used in the formulation of recommendations. Studies were rated for methodological quality using the American Academy of Neurology Risk of Bias Classification system. The overall level of evidence classifications and grades of recommendation were made using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network framework.
resultsAs a good practice point, clinicians should systematically assess akathisia with a validated scale before starting antipsychotics and during antipsychotic dosage titration. For the management of akathisia, there was adequate evidence to allow recommendations regarding antipsychotic dose reduction, antipsychotic polypharmacy, switching antipsychotic medication, and the use of adjuvant medications including beta-blockers, anticholinergics, 5HT
conclusionThe treatment of antipsychotic-induced akathisia should be personalised, with consideration of antipsychotic dose reduction, cessation of antipsychotic polypharmacy, and switching to an antipsychotic with a perceived lower liability for akathisia, before the use of adjuvant medications. The choice of adjuvant medications should favour the more established treatments, with careful consideration of contraindications and side effects. Limitations in the evidence should be acknowledged and prompt cautious prescribing, particularly with respect to the duration of use of adjuvant medications, is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.