ReviewThe journal of pain2018
The Rodent Tibia Fracture Model: A Critical Review and Comparison With the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Literature.
Review in The journal of pain, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Inhibition of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription reduces nociceptive sensitization in a murine model of complex regional pain syndrome.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Preventive Effects of Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I in a Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of immunosuppression after limb fracture in mice on nociceptive, cognitive, and anxiety-related outcomes.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation Inhibits Trauma Induced Pronociceptive Autoimmune Responses.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Repopulated spinal cord microglia exhibit a unique transcriptome and contribute to pain resolution.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Evidence-Based Advances in Concepts and Treatments.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Review
- Chronic Pain after Bone Fracture: Current Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Autonomic Regulation of Nociceptive and Immunologic Changes in a Mouse Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.The journal of pain · 2022Article
- Responses of cutaneous C-fiber afferents and spinal microglia after hindlimb cast immobilization in rats.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2021Article
- Temporal Contribution of Myeloid-Lineage TLR4 to the Transition to Chronic Pain: A Focus on Sex Differences.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- IL-6 signaling mediates the germinal center response, IgM production and nociceptive sensitization in male mice after tibia fracture.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Animal Models of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I.Journal of pain research · 2021Review
- ALIAmides Update: Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Formulations on Management of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Expression profiling of spinal cord dorsal horn in a rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type-I uncovers potential mechanisms mediating pain and neuroinflammation responses.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
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- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Distal limb fracture is the most common cause of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), thus the rodent tibia fracture model (TFM) was developed to study CRPS pathogenesis. This comprehensive review summarizes the published TFM research and compares these experimental results with the CRPS literature. The TFM generated spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors, inflammatory symptoms (edema, warmth), and trophic changes (skin thickening, osteoporosis) resembling symptoms in early CRPS. Neuropeptides, inflammatory cytokines, and nerve growth factor (NGF) have been linked to pain behaviors, inflammation, and trophic changes in the TFM model and proliferating keratinocytes were identified as the primary source of cutaneous cytokines and NGF. Tibia fracture also activated spinal glia and upregulated spinal neuropeptide, cytokine, and NGF expression, and in the brain it changed dendritic architecture. B cell-expressed immunoglobulin M antibodies also contributed to pain behavior, indicating a role for adaptive immunity. These results modeled many findings in early CRPS, but significant differences were also noted. PERSPECTIVE: Multiple neuroimmune signaling mechanisms contribute to the pain, inflammation, and trophic changes observed in the injured limb of the rodent TFM. This model replicates many of the symptoms, signs, and pathophysiology of early CRPS, but most post-fracture changes resolve within 5 months and may not contribute to perpetuating chronic CRPS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.