ArticleNeuroscience2018
Methylene Blue Ameliorates Olfactory Dysfunction and Motor Deficits in a Chronic MPTP/Probenecid Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concentration-Dependent Activity of Hydromethylthionine on Cognitive Decline and Brain Atrophy in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2019Trial
- Intraoperative methylene blue administration and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis of surgical patients.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Olfactory sensory map is perturbed in a human wild-type α-synuclein overexpressing transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial and Antioxidant Activity as the Basis of the Neuroprotective Effect of Potential Multitarget Drugs for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Capsaicin and nicotine alleviate MPTP induced olfactory dysfunction by suppressing cGAS/TBK1/STING and MAPK mediated neuroinflammation.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Genetic and Non-Genetic Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A neurotherapeutic approach with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus E9 on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Metabolic Disturbances in a Mouse Model of MPTP/Probenecid-Induced Parkinson's Disease: Evaluation Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Gut Microbial Alteration in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease is Administration Regimen Dependent.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Probenecid, an Old Drug with Potential New Uses for Central Nervous System Disorders and Neuroinflammation.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Targeting Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Gastric Enteric Glial Cells: A New Contributor to the Synucleinopathies in the MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Mouse.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pyruvate Prevents Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Model of Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Pretreatment with combined low-level laser therapy and methylene blue improves learning and memory in sleep-deprived mice.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
- Review
- Animal models of Parkinson's disease: a guide to selecting the optimal model for your research.Neuronal signaling · 2021Review
- Reduced cerebral blood flow in anJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020Article
- p62-Nrf2-p62 Mitophagy Regulatory Loop as a Target for Preventive Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Behavioral Tests in Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are very prominent and early features in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in animal models of PD. Thus, antioxidant therapy for PD has been proposed, but in clinical trials such strategies have met with very limited success. Methylene blue (MB), a small-molecule synthetic heterocyclic organic compound that acts as a renewable electron cycler in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, manifesting robust antioxidant and cell energetics-enhancing properties, has recently been shown to have significant beneficial effects in reducing nigrostriatal dopaminergic loss and motor impairment in acute toxin models of PD. However, no studies have investigated the impact of this promising agent in chronic models or for olfactory dysfunction, an early non-motor feature of PD. To test the efficacy of low-dose MB for olfactory dysfunction, motor symptoms, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration, mice were injected with ten subcutaneous doses of 25 mg/kg MPTP, plus 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal probenecid or saline/probenecid at 3.5-day intervals. Following the onset of olfactory dysfunction, MPTP/probenecid (MPTP/p) and saline/probenecid mice were provided drinking water with or without 1 mg/kg/day MB. Oral delivery of low-dose MB significantly ameliorated MPTP/p-induced deficits in motor coordination, as well as degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons of the substantia nigra and TH-positive terminals in the striatum. Importantly, olfactory dysfunction was ameliorated by MB treatment, whereas this benefit is not observed with currently available anti-Parkinsonian medications. These results indicate that low-dose MB is a promising neuroprotective intervention for both motor and non-motor features of PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.