ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
Cryo-EM structure of infectious bronchitis coronavirus spike protein reveals structural and functional evolution of coronavirus spike proteins.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed.
- Coronavirus surveillance in passerines reveals novel deltacoronaviruses in Eurasian tree sparrows with implications for One Health and livestock biosecurity.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Structure and receptor recognition of type-II feline infectious peritonitis virus spike glycoprotein.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Cetacean coronavirus spikes highlight S glycoprotein structural plasticity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A self-assembled nanoparticle vaccine displaying chimeric and trimeric RBD-HRC elicits broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies against multiple coronaviruses.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- AI-guided prefusion stabilization of the human coronavirus OC43 spike protein enables universal embecovirus antigen design.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Herbal medicines against avian infectious bronchitis virus: shared host-directed and multi-stage antiviral pathways.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Attenuated Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Vaccination Induces Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Mammals.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Vaccine-Associated Recombination and Virulence Heterogeneity of GI-19 (QX Type) Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Eastern and Southern China, 2024-2025.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Emergence of novel QX-type IBV in China: molecular insights into unique S protein cleavage sites, antigenic drift, and enhanced pathogenicity (2025).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
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- Attenuation and altered replication of IBV strain tl/CH/LDT3/03 after serial passage in chicken embryo fibroblasts and Vero cells.Virus research · 2025Article
- The role of the S1 gene in glandular stomach pathogenesis and tropism of infectious bronchitis virus H120 strain in poultry.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Lipid nanoparticles-mRNA based on the consensus sequences of avian coronavirus S1 and N genes protect animals against multiple viral infections.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Structural and functional constraints on spike activation and host protease utilization limit cell entry of SARS-CoV-2-related bat coronaviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Five Amino Acid Substitutions in the S1 Unit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Are Critical Determinants Enhancing Its Adaptation to Vero Cells.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
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- Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of a novel recombinant GI-19 infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from northeastern China.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Identification of B-Cell Epitopes Located on the Surface of the S1 Protein of Infectious Bronchitis Virus M41 Strains.Viruses · 2025Article
- Structures of HCoV-OC43 HR1 Domain in Complex with Cognate HR2 or Analogue EK1 Peptide.Viruses · 2025Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As cell-invading molecular machinery, coronavirus spike proteins pose an evolutionary conundrum due to their high divergence. In this study, we determined the cryo-EM structure of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) spike protein from the γ-genus. The trimeric IBV spike ectodomain contains three receptor-binding S1 heads and a trimeric membrane-fusion S2 stalk. While IBV S2 is structurally similar to those from the other genera, IBV S1 possesses structural features that are unique to different other genera, thereby bridging these diverse spikes into an evolutionary spectrum. Specifically, among different genera, the two domains of S1, the N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) and C-terminal domain (S1-CTD), diverge from simpler tertiary structures and quaternary packing to more complex ones, leading to different functions of the spikes in receptor usage and membrane fusion. Based on the above structural and functional comparisons, we propose that the evolutionary spectrum of coronavirus spikes follows the order of α-, δ-, γ-, and β-genus. This study has provided insight into the evolutionary relationships among coronavirus spikes and deepened our understanding of their structural and functional diversity.
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