ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2018
Two Decades-Long Journey from Riluzole to Edaravone: Revisiting the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the Only Two Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Therapeutics.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for treating well-studied neurological disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Histaminergic transmission slows progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2019Pooled it
- Metabolic Alteration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Outcome: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Pooled it
- The effect of Edaravone on acute ischemic stroke, large vessel occlusion, not treated with intravenous thrombolytic, and endovascular thrombectomy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Trial
- A study on the pharmacokinetic bioequivalence of oral tablet formulations of riluzole among healthy volunteers utilizing HPLC-MS/MS.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Trial
- A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Way Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effect of Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses of Edaravone on QT/QTc Interval in Healthy Subjects.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2021Trial
- Repeat Administration of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Trial
- Intrathecal Administration of Riluzole in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The State of the Art on Treatments and the Therapeutic Role of the Intestinal Microbiome in Human Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Promising Potential of Edaravone-Loaded Nanogel in Ameliorating of Stroke in Rats: The Modulation of Immune Response.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Dysbiosis and Neurodegeneration in ALS: Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- Recent developments in the design of functional derivatives of edaravone and exploration of their antioxidant activities.Molecular diversity · 2025Review
- Exploring neuropharmacokinetics: mechanisms, models, and clinical implications.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Nanoparticles: a new frontier in neurodegenerative disease therapy.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Review
- Ameliorative effects of Edaravone against Valproic Acid-Induced kidney damage.Journal of molecular histology · 2024Article
- Sorafenib and edaravone protect against renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction via inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and RIPK-3/MLKL pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Evaluation on Plasma Markers and Members of the Neurovascular Unit.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A phase I trial of riluzole and sorafenib in patients with advanced solid tumors: CTEP #8850.Oncotarget · 2023Article
- Investigating Edaravone Use for Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent approval of edaravone has provided an intravenous option to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in addition to the existing oral agent, riluzole. The present work was primarily undertaken to provide a comprehensive clinical pharmacokinetic summary of the two approved ALS therapeutics. The key objectives of the review were to (i) tabulate the clinical pharmacokinetics of riluzole and edaravone with emphasis on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties; (ii) provide a comparative scenario of the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs wherever possible; and (iii) provide perspectives and introspection on the gathered clinical pharmacokinetic data of the two drugs with appropriate conjectures to quench scientific curiosity. Based on this review, the following key highlights were deduced: (i) as a result of both presystemic metabolism and polymorphic hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism, the oral drug riluzole exhibited more inter-subject variability than that of intravenous edaravone; (ii) using various parameters for comparison, including the published intravenous data for riluzole, it was apparent that edaravone was achieving the desired systemic concentrations to possibly drive the local brain concentrations for its efficacy in ALS patients with lesser variability than riluzole; (iii) using scientific conjectures, it was deduced that the availability of intravenous riluzole may not be beneficial in therapy due to its fast systemic clearance; (iv) on the contrary, however, there appeared to be an opportunity for the development of an oral dosage form of edaravone, which may potentially benefit the therapy option for ALS patients by avoiding hospitalization costs; and (v) because of the existence of pharmaco-resistance for the brain entry in ALS patients, it appeared prudent to consider combination strategies of edaravone and/or riluzole with suitable P-glycoprotein efflux-blocking drugs to gain more favorable outcomes in ALS patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.