ReviewPain research & management2018
"Brave Men" and "Emotional Women": A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain.
Review in Pain research & management, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07217548 (Solving Stigma Through POV Simulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 338 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Solving Stigma Through POV Simulation: Enhancing Pharmacist Empathy-based Practices With Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Who cites it
338 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inclusion of sex and gender in clinical practice guidelines: an umbrella review.BMJ open quality · 2026Pooled it
- Educational strategies for integrating gender perspectives in health professions training: a systematic review to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion.BMC medical education · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the Impact of Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain Treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise Therapy Versus Manual Therapy for the Management of Pain Intensity, Disability, and Physical Function in People With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Effective Interventions for Idiopathic Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Review.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Medical student perceptions of gender and pain: a systematic review of the literature.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities: a systematic review.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Six decades of longitudinal health knowledge production: a systematic review on Nordic birth cohort studies.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Pooled it
- ME/CFS and the emotional toll of persistent disbelief: from epistemic to affective injustice.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026Article
- Women's Ways of Coping With Chronic Widespread Pain-A Phenomenographic Study.Musculoskeletal care · 2026Article
- The gender of the examiner affects pain perception and reporting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain reports · 2026Review
- Sex-related differences in pain following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective cohort study.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Burning Mouth Syndrome: Understanding the Biopsychosocial Dimensions of Invisible Pain.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- Physician Communication, Repeated Healthcare Encounters, and Diagnostic Delay in Endometriosis: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Frequent chronic pain in relation to sleep disturbances: A nationally representative study of adults in the United States.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- What do we know about medical invalidation and related concepts? - A scoping review and thematic analysis about the definitions, measurements, causes, consequences and potential solutions for medical invalidation.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Patient-perceived recovery after posterior spinal fusion: evaluating minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Inclusive Medical Spanish Education to Address Bias in Clinical Communication: Tutorial on Patient-Informed Module Development.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Cancer pain.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Gender, Gender Role Beliefs, and Evaluation of Pain in Others: Indirect and Moderated Pathways.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
278 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite the large body of research on sex differences in pain, there is a lack of knowledge about the influence of gender in the patient-provider encounter. The purpose of this study was to review literature on gendered norms about men and women with pain and gender bias in the treatment of pain. The second aim was to analyze the results guided by the theoretical concepts of hegemonic masculinity and andronormativity. Methods: A literature search of databases was conducted. A total of 77 articles met the inclusion criteria. The included articles were analyzed qualitatively, with an integrative approach. Results: The included studies demonstrated a variety of gendered norms about men's and women's experience and expression of pain, their identity, lifestyle, and coping style. Gender bias in pain treatment was identified, as part of the patient-provider encounter and the professional's treatment decisions. It was discussed how gendered norms are consolidated by hegemonic masculinity and andronormativity. Conclusions: Awareness about gendered norms is important, both in research and clinical practice, in order to counteract gender bias in health care and to support health-care professionals in providing more equitable care that is more capable to meet the need of all patients, men and women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.