ReviewTrends in microbiology2018
Influenza Hemagglutinin Protein Stability, Activation, and Pandemic Risk.
Review in Trends in microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza virus genotype to phenotype predictions through machine learning: a systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of a Russian-backbone live-attenuated influenza vaccine with an updated pandemic H1N1 strain on shedding and immunogenicity among children in The Gambia: an open-label, observational, phase 4 study.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2019Trial
- HA Protein acetylation modulates replication, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity of influenza virus and facilitates live-attenuated vaccine design.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- In silico analysis of pH stabilising mutations of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- A lethal human H5N5 influenza virus isolate exhibits low pandemic risk traits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Standing HA phenotypic breadth shapes H5N1 cross-host potential.Research square · 2026Article
- Divergent pathogenic mechanisms of influenza A and influenza B viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Divergent immunometabolic landscapes of chicken and swan goose identify SERPINF2 as a novel restriction factor for influenza A virus.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin E190D substitution in clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus reduces receptor binding and viral fitness.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Structure-Guided Glycosylation of Hemagglutinin Enhances Stability and Modulates Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- A novel entry inhibitor targeting the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin of H1N1.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Identification of thermostability-enhancing mutations in H9N2 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic evolution and pathogenicity analysis of two natural recombinant isolates of avian influenza.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies enhance mucosal immunity against respiratory pathogens.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Fatal human H3N8 influenza virus has a moderate pandemic risk.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The bovine mammary gland as a crucible for zoonotic influenza virus emergence: Receptor-mediated adaptation of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Archives of virology · 2026Review
- Resistance Mutations to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Destabilize Hemagglutinin and Attenuate H1N1 Influenza Virus.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- The potential of H5N1 viruses to adapt to bovine cells varies throughout evolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For decades, hemagglutinin (HA) protein structure and its refolding mechanism have served as a paradigm for understanding protein-mediated membrane fusion. HA trimers are in a high-energy state and are functionally activated by low pH. Over the past decade, HA stability (or the pH at which irreversible conformational changes are triggered) has emerged as an important determinant in influenza virus host range, infectivity, transmissibility, and human pandemic potential. Here, we review HA protein structure, assays to measure its stability, measured HA stability values, residues and mutations that regulate its stability, the effect of HA stability on interspecies adaptation and transmissibility, and mechanistic insights into this process. Most importantly, HA stabilization appears to be necessary for adapting emerging influenza viruses to humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.