ReviewCurrent reviews in musculoskeletal medicine2018
The Swimmer's Shoulder: Multi-directional Instability.
Review in Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06909864 (Competitive Swimming and Shoulder Adaptations), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Competitive Swimming and Shoulder Adaptations: The Role of Stroke Specialty in Adolescent Swimmers
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging of acute sports injuries of the shoulder girdle.Skeletal radiology · 2026Review
- Unilateral Breathing in Elite Swimmers: Association With Glenohumeral Microinstability and Periscapular Fatigue.Sports health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and predictive factors of musculoskeletal injuries in triathletes: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- A Single-Team Case Study of Corrective Exercises for Upper-Extremity Injuries and Movement Dysfunction in Collegiate Swimmers.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Open Water Swimming: Swimmers' Kinematical and Neuromuscular Characterisation in 5 km Swim.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of Isometric Shoulder Strength in Swimmers: A Validation and Reliability Study of the ASH and iASH Tests.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Case Report: A complex congenital bilateral multidirectional glenohumeral hyperlaxity with instability: surgical, anatomical, and forensic insights.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Impact of Physiotherapy on Shoulder Kinematics in Swimmers with Swimmer's Shoulder Pain.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Optimizing performance and mood state in competitive swimmers through tapering strategies.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Inconsistency in Shoulder Arthrometers for Measuring Glenohumeral Joint Laxity: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Managing Shoulder Instability in the Overhead Athlete.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2022Review
- Advances in the Non-Operative Management of Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Characterizing Health Events and Return to Sport in Collegiate Swimmers.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
- Shoulder dislocations among high school-aged and college-aged athletes in the United States: an epidemiologic analysis.JSES international · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Swimming and Diving: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019.Journal of athletic training · 2021Article
- Effect of rotator cuff muscle activation on glenohumeral kinematics: A cadaveric study.Journal of biomechanics · 2020Article
- Low Range of Shoulders Horizontal Abduction Predisposes for Shoulder Pain in Competitive Young Swimmers.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewSwimmer's shoulder is the term used to describe the problem of shoulder pain in swimmers. Originally described as supraspinatus tendon impingement under the coracoacromial arch, it is now understood that several different pathologies can cause shoulder pain in competitive swimmers, including subacromial impingement syndrome, overuse and subsequent muscle fatigue, scapular dyskinesis, and laxity and instability. RECENT
findingsSwimmers may develop increased shoulder laxity over time due to repetitive use. Such excessive laxity can decrease passive shoulder stability and lead to rotator cuff muscle overload, fatigue, and subsequent injury in order to properly control the translation of the humeral head. Generalized laxity can be present up to 62% of swimmers, while a moderate degree of multi-directional instability can be present in the majority. Laxity in swimmers can be due to a combination of underlying inherent anatomical factors as well as from repetitive overhead activity. The role of excessive laxity and muscle imbalance are crucial in the swimmer's shoulder and should be well understood since they are the primary target of the training and rehabilitation program.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.