ArticleBehavior genetics2018
Etiology of Stability and Growth of Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems Across Childhood and Adolescence.
Article in Behavior genetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevention of internalizing disorders in early childhood.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Gene-Environment Interplay Beyond Interactions: Psychosocial Environments Mediate Genetic Effects Underlying Externalizing-Behavior Trajectories.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Research Review: A review of the past decade of family and genomic studies on adolescent mental health.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Review
- Does the timing matter? The association between childhood adversity and internalizing and externalizing problems from childhood to adolescence and its sex differences.Child abuse & neglect · 2025Article
- Do polygenic indices capture "direct" effects on child externalizing behavior problems? Within-family analyses in two longitudinal birth cohorts.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Facets of trait impulsivity and their relationships to developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors from childhood into early adolescence.Journal of research in personality · 2025Article
- Age-Related Variations of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation of Fear, Distress and Externalizing Symptoms: A Twin Study in Childhood and Adolescence.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
- Body mass index, internalizing behavior and executive function: examining trait-state effects from age 2 to 15.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Associations of behavioral problems with white matter circuits connecting to the frontal lobes in school-aged children born at term and preterm.Neuroimage. Reports · 2024Article
- The Heritability of Psychopathology Symptoms in Early Adolescence: Moderation by Family Cultural Values in the ABCD Study.Behavior genetics · 2024Article
- Associations of behavioral problems with white matter circuits connecting to the frontal lobes in school-aged children born at term and preterm.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Do polygenic indices capture "direct" effects on child externalizing behavior? Within-family analyses in two longitudinal birth cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Gene-by-Environment Interaction Effects of Social Adversity on Externalizing Behavior in ABCD Youth.Behavior genetics · 2023Article
- Associations Between Adolescent Pain and Psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Behavior genetics · 2023Article
- From the trajectory of heritability to the heritability of trajectories.The Behavioral and brain sciences · 2022Article
- The joint development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in black and Hispanic youth and the link to late adolescent substance use.Development and psychopathology · 2022Article
- Multivariate Genetic Structure of Externalizing Behavior and Structural Brain Development in a Longitudinal Adolescent Twin Sample.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Transactional relations between developmental trajectories of executive functioning and internalizing and externalizing symptomatology in adolescence.Development and psychopathology · 2022Article
- Examining Internalizing Mental Health Correlates of Addiction Severity in Patients Hospitalized With Medical Complications From Substance Use Disorder.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
- Mild Traumatic Brain Injury as a Predictor of Classes of Youth Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology.Child psychiatry and human development · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Internalizing and externalizing behaviors are heritable, and show genetic stability during childhood and adolescence. Less work has explored how genes influence individual differences in developmental trajectories. We estimated ACE biometrical latent growth curve models for the Teacher Report Form (TRF) and parent Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) internalizing and externalizing scales from ages 7 to 16 years in 408 twin pairs from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study. We found that Intercept factors were highly heritable for both internalizing and externalizing behaviors (a2 = .61-.92), with small and nonsignificant environmental influences for teacher-rated data but significant nonshared environmental influences for parent-rated data. There was some evidence of heritability of decline in internalizing behavior (Slopes for teacher and parent ratings), but the Slope genetic variance was almost entirely shared with that for the Intercept when different than zero. These results suggest that genetic effects on these developmental trajectories operate primarily on initial levels and stability, with no significant unique genetic influences for change. Finally, cross-rater analyses of the growth factor scores revealed moderate to large genetic and environmental associations between growth factors derived from parents' and teachers' ratings, particularly the Intercepts.
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