ArticleALTEX2018
3S - Systematic, systemic, and systems biology and toxicology.
Article in ALTEX, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causality analysis of toxicological mechanisms in networked systems such as adverse outcome pathway networks.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Environmental co-exposure to microplastics and phenol may influence redox signaling and tumor microenvironment dynamics.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Microphysiological systems as a pillar of the Human Exposome Project.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- NAMazing: Déjà Vu at the lab bench - Why animal-free science is the new automobile.NAM journal · 2025Article
- AI: the Apollo guidance computer of the Exposome moonshot.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- AI, agentic models and lab automation for scientific discovery - the beginning of scAInce.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Review
- Comparative case study on NAMs: towards enhancing specific target organ toxicity analysis.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- AI and ML-based risk assessment of chemicals: predicting carcinogenic risk from chemical-induced genomic instability.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Review
- Article
- New approach methodologies in human regulatory toxicology - Not if, but how and when!Environment international · 2023Review
- G × E interactions as a basis for toxicological uncertainty.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- Systems bioengineering approaches for developmental toxicology.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Review
- The use of NAMs and omics data in risk assessment.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- Dietary acrylamide and human cancer; even after 20 years of research an open question.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Microphysiological Systems Evaluation: Experience of TEX-VAL Tissue Chip Testing Consortium.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Article
- Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi.Archives of toxicology · 2022Review
- Oligodendrogenesis and myelination tracing in a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered brain microphysiological system.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Review
- Drug Screening, Oral Bioavailability and Regulatory Aspects: A Need for Human Organoids.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Development of the SciRAP Approach for Evaluating the Reliability and Relevance ofFrontiers in toxicology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A biological system is more than the sum of its parts - it accomplishes many functions via synergy. Deconstructing the system down to the molecular mechanism level necessitates the complement of reconstructing functions on all levels, i.e., in our conceptualization of biology and its perturbations, our experimental models and computer modelling. Toxicology contains the somewhat arbitrary subclass "systemic toxicities"; however, there is no relevant toxic insult or general disease that is not systemic. At least inflammation and repair are involved that require coordinated signaling mechanisms across the organism. However, the more body components involved, the greater the challenge to reca-pitulate such toxicities using non-animal models. Here, the shortcomings of current systemic testing and the development of alternative approaches are summarized. We argue that we need a systematic approach to integrating existing knowledge as exemplified by systematic reviews and other evidence-based approaches. Such knowledge can guide us in modelling these systems using bioengineering and virtual computer models, i.e., via systems biology or systems toxicology approaches. Experimental multi-organ-on-chip and microphysiological systems (MPS) provide a more physiological view of the organism, facilitating more comprehensive coverage of systemic toxicities, i.e., the perturbation on organism level, without using substitute organisms (animals). The next challenge is to establish disease models, i.e., micropathophysiological systems (MPPS), to expand their utility to encompass biomedicine. Combining computational and experimental systems approaches and the chal-lenges of validating them are discussed. The suggested 3S approach promises to leverage 21st century technology and systematic thinking to achieve a paradigm change in studying systemic effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.