ArticlePloS one2018
Anemia in tuberculosis cases and household controls from Tanzania: Contribution of disease, coinfections, and the role of hepcidin.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and types of anemia among people with tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Serum hepcidin as a host-derived biomarker of disease severity and risk stratification in tuberculosis.Infection · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune and Iron Metabolism Responses During the Acute Phase of Experimental Hookworm Infection in the Ancylostoma ceylanicum-Hamster Model.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Incidence and predictors of mortality among persons with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and HIV in Mozambique.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Treatment outcomes and associated influencing factors among elderly patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical laboratory analytes and platelet-associated parameters as surrogate markers of subclinical inflammation in latent tuberculosis infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Role of Iron Indices in Anemia in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Anaemia of chronic disease among pulmonary tuberculosis patients is associated with inflammatory marker at the start of intensive phase.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Clinical epidemiological and laboratory investigation in co-infection with COVID-19 and tuberculosis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Coexistent anemia modulates systemic inflammation and exacerbates disease severity and adverse treatment outcomes in tuberculosis.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Article
- Approaches to Address the Anemia Challenge.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Serum iron levels in tuberculosis patients and household contacts and its association with natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 polymorphism and expression.The clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Iron Status and Supplementation during Tuberculosis.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Exploration of the Risk Factors of Anemia in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis in South China.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- Monocyte at diagnosis as a prognosis biomarker in tuberculosis patients with anemia.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Influence of dietary pattern on anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes in persons with dysglycemia: a Peruvian prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Tuberculosis-Associated Anemia: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) induces a systemic inflammatory state affecting iron homeostasis. Patients with TB often have additional comorbidities such as anemia which can result in poorer treat outcomes. We studied the contribution of anemia and the role of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin among TB patients and household contacts.
methodsWe analyzed serum samples from 102 TB cases and 98 controls without TB, matched by age/sex, for hepcidin, iron, and inflammation parameters. Five controls developed TB within 12 months. We used linear regression to assess associations.
resultsAnemia of chronic disease (ACD) was more frequent among cases than controls (59.8% vs. 26.1%), but iron-deficiency anemia more frequent in controls (10% vs. 1%). The median hepcidin level was higher in cases than controls (63.7 vs. 14.2 ng/mL), but coinfections with HIV, helminths, and respiratory pathogens did not show cumulative effects. Hepcidin was associated with more severe TB symptom scoring (coefficient 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-1.2) and higher mycobacterial load (0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0). Hepcidin was higher in TB cases and controls who developed TB compared to controls without TB (p<0.001), even when restricting to HIV-negative study participants.
conclusionsACD was the predominate etiology in TB patients suggesting limited benefit from iron supplementation. Increased hepcidin levels long before active disease, indicating altered iron metabolism, may be a marker for developing disease among TB-exposed individuals. Clinical management of anemia and nutrition interventions in TB patients need to be considered to improve the clinical course and outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.