ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2018
Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Long-Term Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Older Adults.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term proton pump inhibitors use and its association with premalignant gastric lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Surgical treatment of GERD: systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2021Pooled it
- GP perspectives on a computer-assisted strategy to support PPI deprescribing: a qualitative study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Article
- Effect of Acupuncture on Pneumonia Risk in Stroke Patients using Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The use of mechanical ventilation in interstitial lung disease.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Review
- Commonly prescribed medications and risk of pneumonia and all-cause mortality in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a UK population-based cohort study.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Prescription trends of gastric acid suppressants and association with potential adverse events in Korea: a real-world cross-sectional study.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescription in Nursing Home Residents: Prevalence, Appropriateness, and Associated Factors-A Secondary Data Analysis from Three German Regions and the Impact of Guideline Recommendations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Deprescription Prospective Study in Patients Without Indication: Are There Differences in Proportion of Restarts According to Withdrawal Strategy?The Journal of pharmacy technology : jPT : official publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians · 2023Article
- Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.Gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Updated Insights on Cardiac and Vascular Risks of Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Real-world effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults: Cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.PloS one · 2022Article
- Use of proton pump inhibitors: An exploration of awareness, attitude and behavior of health care professionals of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2021Article
- Covidogram as a simple tool for predicting severe course of COVID-19: population-based study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- On the Causal Interpretation of Rate-Change Methods: The Prior Event Rate Ratio and Rate Difference.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Role ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Community-dwelling older adults' awareness of the inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors.BMC geriatrics · 2020Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors in Children: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2020Review
- Bacterial burden in the lower airways predicts disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and is independent of radiological disease extent.The European respiratory journal · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate associations between long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and pneumonia incidence in older adults in primary care.
designLongitudinal analyses of electronic medical records.
settingEngland
participantsIndividuals aged 60 and older in primary care receiving PPIs for 1 year or longer (N=75,050) and age- and sex-matched controls (N=75,050). MEASUREMENTS: Net hazard ratios for pneumonia incidence in Year 2 of treatment were estimated using the prior event rate ratio (PERR), which adjusts for pneumonia incidence differences before initiation of treatment. Inverse probability weighted models adjusted for 78 demographic, disease, medication, and healthcare usage measures.
resultsDuring the second year after initiating treatment, PPIs were associated with greater hazard of incident pneumonia (PERR-adjusted hazard ratio=1.82, 95% confidence interval=1.27-2.54), accounting for pretreatment pneumonia rates. Estimates were similar across age and comorbidity subgroups. Similar results were also obtained from propensity score- and inverse probability-weighted models.
conclusionIn a large cohort of older adults in primary care, PPI prescription was associated with greater risk of pneumonia in the second year of treatment. Results were robust across alternative analysis approaches. Controversies about the validity of reported short-term harms of PPIs should not divert attention from potential long-term effects of PPI prescriptions on older adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.