ArticleDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2018
Ketamine Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Are Altered by P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Efflux Transporters in Mice.
Article in Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Novel Tertiary Carbamate Prodrug Strategy to Overcome Metabolic Barriers in Oral Ketamine Delivery.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- A Preliminary Approach to Oral Low-Dose Ketamine Self-Administration in Mice (Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Evidence for thyroid hormone regulation of amygdala-dependent fear-relevant memory and plasticity.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- KETAMIR-2, a new molecular entity and novel ketamine analog.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Ketamine's Amelioration of Fear Extinction in Adolescent Male Mice Is Associated with the Activation of the Hippocampal Akt-mTOR-GluA1 Pathway.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Role of P-glycoprotein in Regulating the Efficacy, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Yunaconitine.Current drug metabolism · 2024Article
- Ketamine evoked disruption of entorhinal and hippocampal spatial maps.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Isoflurane and ketamine-xylazine modify pharmacokinetics of [Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Relationship Between Dissolution Rate in Vitro and Absorption Rate in Vivo of Ketamine Prolonged-Release Tablets.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2023Article
- Search for Novel Therapies for Essential Tremor Based on Positive Modulation of α6-Containing GABATremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Global Proteomic Profile of Aluminum-Induced Hippocampal Impairments in Rats: Are Low Doses of Aluminum Really Safe?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Combined hyperforin and lanicemine treatment instead of ketamine or imipramine restores behavioral deficits induced by chronic restraint stress and dietary zinc restriction in mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Significant Differences in Host-Pathogen Interactions Between Murine and Human Whole Blood.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Ketamine Blocks Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Article
- Oxygen inhalation improves postoperative survival in ketamine-xylazine anaesthetised rats: An observational study.PloS one · 2019Article
- Commonly Used Anesthesia/Euthanasia Methods for Brain Collection Differentially Impact MAPK Activity in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Ketamine Within Clinically Effective Range Inhibits Glutamate Transmission From Astrocytes to Neurons and Disrupts Synchronization of Astrocytic SICs.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To understand the systemic impact of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) deletion, untargeted metabolomics was performed on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of wild-type (WT) and Pgp and Bcrp double-knockout (dKO) rats anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine. We unexpectedly found elevated ketamine levels in both CSF and plasma of dKO versus WT rats. Therefore, the effect of these transporters was investigated on the 1) oral and intraperitoneal serum pharmacokinetics (PK) of ketamine, using a liquid chromatography method (high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection), and 2) the anesthetic effect of ketamine using a duration of loss-of-righting reflex (dLORR) test in WT, Bcrp knockout (KO), Pgp KO, and Pgp/Bcrp dKO mice. The PK data demonstrated a significantly increased oral bioavailability and serum exposure of ketamine in dKO > Pgp KO > Bcrp KO mice compared with WT mice. Intraperitoneal ketamine-induced dLORR was significantly longer in dKO > Pgp KO > Bcrp KO > WT mice compared with WT mice. Inhibition of Bcrp and Pgp in WT mice using the dual Pgp/Bcrp inhibitor elacridar increased the ketamine-induced dLORR compared with vehicle-treated mice. The ketamine intracellular concentration was significantly decreased in Madin-Darby canine kidney II BCRP/PGP cells compared with the parental cells. In total, these results demonstrate that ketamine appears to be a dual Pgp/Bcrp substrate whose PK and pharmacodynamics are affected by Pgp and Bcrp-mediated efflux.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.