SynthesisTravel medicine and infectious disease
A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Synthesis in Travel medicine and infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Facemask against viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims: A challenging cluster-randomized trial.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Durability of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in Saudi Arabia: evidence, gaps, and implications for Hajj and mass-gathering preparedness.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Community pharmacists' knowledge, prospective and practice towards health related illness at Hajj and Umrah: A cross sectional study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Epidemiological Differences in Hajj-Acquired Airborne Infections in Pilgrims Arriving from Low and Middle-Income versus High-Income Countries: A Systematised Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the rate, pattern and appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in a cohort of pilgrims suffering from upper respiratory tract infection during the 2018 Hajj season.Access microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- The Emergence, Persistence, and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Environmental Hajj Settings and Implications for Public Health.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Review
- Pattern of Respiratory Viruses among Pilgrims during 2019 Hajj Season Who Sought Healthcare Due to Severe Respiratory Symptoms.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Complexity of Co-Infections in the Era of COVID-19.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Natural immunity to influenza A and B among Saudi blood donors in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2020Article
- Pilot Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Hajj Deployed Health Care Workers on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Results from Two Hajj Seasons.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
- Respiratory tract infections among French Hajj pilgrims from 2014 to 2017.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The Hajj 2019 Vaccine Requirements and Possible New Challenges.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2019Article
- Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia: toward a complete picture.Archives of virology · 2019Review
- Spatiotemporal Clustering of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Incidence in Saudi Arabia, 2012-2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Mass gatherings medicine: public health issues arising from mass gathering religious and sporting events.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Review
- Epidemiological and genetic characterization of pH1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in MENA region during 2009-2017.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- The dynamics and interactions of respiratory pathogen carriage among French pilgrims during the 2018 Hajj.Emerging microbes & infections · 2019Article
- Infectious Diseases and Mass Gatherings.Current infectious disease reports · 2018Review
- MERS: What is the current situation in Saudi Arabia?Journal of travel medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe annual Hajj to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia attracts millions of pilgrims from around the world. International health community's attention goes towards this mass gathering and the possibility of the development of any respiratory tract infections due to the high risk of acquisition of respiratory viruses.
methodWe searched MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases for relevant papers describing the prevalence of respiratory viruses among Hajj pilgrims.
resultsThe retrieved articles were summarized based on the methodology of testing for these viruses. A total of 31 studies were included in the quantitative/qualitative analyses. The main methods used for the diagnosis of most common respiratory viruses were polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Influenza, rhinovirus and parainfluenza were the most common viruses detected among pilgrims. Coronaviruses other than MERS-CoV were also detected among pilgrims. The acquisition of MERS-CoV remains very limited and systematic screening of pilgrims showed no infections.
conclusionsWell conducted multinational follow-up studies using the same methodology of testing are necessary for accurate surveillance of respiratory viral infections among Hajj pilgrims. Post-Hajj cohort studies would further evaluate the impact of the Hajj on the acquisition of respiratory viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.