ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Multifocal Equine Influenza Outbreak with Vaccination Breakdown in Thoroughbred Racehorses.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expression of recombinant Florida clade 2 hemagglutinin in baculovirus expression system: A step for subunit vaccine development against H3N8 equine influenza virus.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Assessment of Equine Influenza Virus Status in the Republic of Korea from 2020 to 2022.Viruses · 2023Article
- An epidemiological overview of the equine influenza epidemic in Great Britain during 2019.Equine veterinary journal · 2023Article
- Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Review
- Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines.Viruses · 2021Review
- An Overview of Equine Influenza in South America.Viruses · 2021Review
- Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHVVaccines · 2021Article
- Primary vaccination in foals: a comparison of the serological response to equine influenza and equine herpesvirus vaccines administered concurrently or 2 weeks apart.Archives of virology · 2021Article
- Determining Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy-The Specific Contribution of Strain Versus Other Vaccine Attributes.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Isolation and characterization of equine influenza virus (H3N8) from an equine influenza outbreak in Malaysia in 2015.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2019Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Equine influenza (EI) outbreaks occurred on 19 premises in Ireland during 2014. Disease affected thoroughbred (TB) and non-TB horses/ponies on a variety of premises including four racing yards. Initial clinical signs presented on 16 premises within a two-month period. Extensive field investigations were undertaken, and the diagnostic effectiveness of a TaqMan RT-PCR assay was demonstrated in regularly-vaccinated and sub-clinically-affected horses. Epidemiological data and repeat clinical samples were collected from 305 horses, of which 40% were reported as clinically affected, 39% were identified as confirmed cases and 11% were sub-clinically affected. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between clinical signs and age, vaccination status and number of vaccine doses received. Vaccine breakdown was identified in 31% of horses with up to date vaccination records. This included 27 horses in four different racing yards. Genetic and antigenic analysis identified causal viruses as belonging to Clade 2 of the Florida sublineage (FCL2). At the time of this study, no commercially available EI vaccine in Ireland had been updated in line with World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommendations to include a FCL2 virus. The findings of this study highlight the potential ease with which EI can spread among partially immune equine populations.
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