ArticleNutrients2018
Meeting Vitamin D Requirements in White Caucasians at UK Latitudes: Providing a Choice.
Article in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2024 Endocrine Society Guideline on Vitamin D: Comprehensive Summary and Critical Appraisal.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency in nursing home residents: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Ultraviolet radiation-induced degradation of dermal extracellular matrix and protection by green tea catechins: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical and experimental dermatology · 2022Trial
- Beyond total irradiance: a PCA-based filtering framework identifies wavelength-dependent biological signatures of sunlight exposure.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- Dietary Micronutrient Intake During Pregnancy Is Suboptimal in a Group of Healthy Scottish Women, Irrespective of Maternal Body Mass Index.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Globally Estimated UVB Exposure Times Required to Maintain Sufficiency in Vitamin D Levels.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Mini-Review on Vitamin D in Pediatric Population and its Role in Respiratory and Atopic Disorders.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Hypovitaminosis D in university workers in Southern Ecuador: interactions between gender and lifestyle.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Workplace exposure to UV radiation and strategies to minimize cancer risk.British medical bulletin · 2022Review
- Vitamin D status in chimpanzees in human care: a Europe wide study.Scientific reports · 2022Review
- Inflammatory Markers in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D Metabolites.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Vitamin D status in the active duty Navy military personnel: protocol for a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Association between vitamin D status and lifestyle factors in Brazilian women: Implications of Sun Exposure Levels, Diet, and Health.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Moderate Sun Exposure Is the Complementor in Insufficient Vitamin D Consumers.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and its association with musculoskeletal health in midlife: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.Metabolism open · 2021Article
- 100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dose-response for change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D after UV exposure: outcome of a systematic review.Endocrine connections · 2021Review
- Contribution of vitamin D status as a determinant of cardiometabolic risk factors: a structural equation model, National Food and Nutrition Surveillance.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The body gains vitamin D through both oral intake (diet/supplementation) and synthesis in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Sun exposure is the major source for most people even though sun exposure is complex and limited by climate and culture. We aimed to quantify the sun exposure required to meet vitamin D targets year-round and determine whether this can be safely achieved in a simply defined manner in the UK as an alternative to increasing vitamin D oral intake. Data from observation (sun exposure, diet, and vitamin D status) and UVR intervention studies performed with white Caucasian adults were combined with modeled all-weather UVR climatology. Daily vitamin D effective UVR doses (all-weather) were calculated across the UK based on ten-year climatology for pre-defined lunchtime exposure regimes. Calculations then determined the time necessary to spend outdoors for the body to gain sufficient vitamin D levels for year-round needs without being sunburnt under differing exposure scenarios. Results show that, in specified conditions, white Caucasians across the UK need nine minutes of daily sunlight at lunchtime from March to September for 25(OH)D levels to remain ≥25 nmol/L throughout the winter. This assumes forearms and lower legs are exposed June-August, while in the remaining, cooler months only hands and face need be exposed. Exposing only the hands and face throughout the summer does not meet requirements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.