ArticlePloS one2018
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: 12-year cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Serum Vitamin D Affected Type 2 Diabetes though Altering Lipid Profile and Modified the Effects of Testosterone on Diabetes Status.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of type 2 diabetes according to glycemic status: a prospective cohort study.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Article
- Vitamin D status and type 2 diabetes incidence in Finnish adults-a longitudinal survey and register-based study using standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- The Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetes in Adult African Americans and Whites: An NHANES Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Integrating Endocrine, Genomic, and Extra-Skeletal Benefits of Vitamin D into National and Regional Clinical Guidelines.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Vitamin D and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the SUN project: a prospective cohort study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Article
- Insulin Requirement for Gestational Diabetes Control Is Related to Higher Vitamin D Levels up to 1 Year Postpartum: A Prospective Cohort Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Association of health literacy and nutritional literacy with sun exposure in adults using structural equation modelling.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Old and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Hyperglycemia, an Important Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Article
- Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Combined associations of 25-hydroxivitamin D and parathyroid hormone with diabetes risk and associated comorbidities among U.S. white and black women.Nutrition & diabetes · 2021Article
- Efficacy of Dietary and Supplementation Interventions for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Vitamin D and The Gut Microbiota: a Narrative Literature Review.Clinical nutrition research · 2021Review
- Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus After Kidney Transplantation.Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt has been reported that higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However the results to date have been mixed and no adequate data based on a cohort are available for the high end of the normal range, above approximately 32 ng/ml or 80 nmol/L.
methodsWe performed a cohort study of 903 adults who were known to be free of diabetes or pre-diabetes during a 1997-1999 visit to a NIH Lipid Research Centers clinic. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured at Visit 8 in 1977-1979. The mean age was 74 years. The visit also included fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance testing. Follow-up continued through 2009.
resultsThere were 47 cases of diabetes and 337 cases of pre-diabetes. Higher 25(OH)D concentrations (> 30 ng/ml) were associated with lower hazard ratios (HR) for diabetes: 30-39 ng/ml or 75-98 nmol/L: HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14-0.70; for 40-49 ng/ml or 100-122 nmol/L: HR = 0.29, CI = 0.12-0.68; for > 50 ng/ml or 125 nmol/L: HR = 0.19, CI = 0.06-0.56. All HRs are compared to < 30 ng/ml or 75 nmol/L. There was an inverse dose-response gradient between 25(OH)D concentration and risk of diabetes with a p for trend of 0.005. Each 10 ng/mL or 25 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a HR of 0.64, CI = 0.48-0.86. 25(OH)D concentrations were more weakly inversely associated with pre-diabetes risk, and the trend was not significant.
conclusionFurther research is needed on whether high 25(OH)D might prevent type 2 diabetes or transition of prediabetes to diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.