Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29671082›Full record

ReviewCurrent diabetes reports2018

Sex Differences in the Burden and Complications of Diabetes.

Sanne A E Peters, Mark Woodward

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current diabetes reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04133922 (Effect of GLP-1 on Microvascular Insulin Responses in Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
20.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04133922 early_phase1withdrawnstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effect of GLP-1 on Microvascular Insulin Responses in Type 1 Diabetes

Ran2019Enrolled0Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsInsulin Sensitivity/Resistance, Type 1 DiabetesArmsDextrose 20 % in Water, GLP-1, Insulin
PMID 27295427PMID 27436611PMID 28479155PMID 15983263PMID 8997227PMID 8074198PMID 6761214PMID 3825934PMID 10362825PMID 11914261PMID 29449137PMID 29139080other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Review
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  12. Observational
  13. Toward Sex-Specific Biomaterials Innovation: A Perspective.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
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26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Sanne A E PetersThe George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK. sanne.peters@georgeinstitute.ox.ac.uk.
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
Johns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/P014550/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of the reviewTo review the latest evidence on sex differences in the burden and complications of diabetes and discuss the potential explanations for the sex differences described. RECENT

findingsDiabetes is a strong risk factor for vascular disease, with compelling evidence that the relative risks of vascular diseases conferred by diabetes are considerably greater in women than men. The mechanisms underpinning women's excess relative risk of vascular disease from diabetes are unknown. Sex differences in the health care provided for the prevention, management, and treatment of diabetes and its complications could contribute to women's greater excess relative risks of diabetes complications. However, since the excess risk of vascular disease is not seen for other major vascular risk factors, inherent biological factors may be more likely to be involved. In addition to other cardiometabolic pathways, the sex dimorphism in body composition and fat distribution may be particularly important in explaining women's greater excess risk of the vascular complications of diabetes. There is strong evidence to suggest that diabetes is a stronger risk factor for vascular disease in women than men. Although several mechanisms may be involved, further research is needed to provide new and deeper insights into the mechanisms underpinning sex differences in the association between diabetes and vascular diseases. Such research will inform patients, health care professionals, and policy makers to ensure that women are not disproportionately affected by diabetes, and will help to reduce the burden in both sexes.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessSex CharacteristicsDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes, GestationalFemaleHumansInternationalityMalePregnancyRisk FactorsCardiovascular diseaseDiabetesMenSex differencesWomen

Identifiers

PMID29671082
PMCPMC5906520
OpenAlexW2801252650

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.