ArticleBrain and behavior2018
High expression of the HMGB1-TLR4 axis and its downstream signaling factors in patients with Parkinson's disease and the relationship of pathological staging.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- High mobility group box 1 and its post-translational modifications: Molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Recent advances in methotrexate pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses in age-related cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Glycyrrhizin Combined with Electroacupuncture Relieves Parkinson's Disease Progression Through the Inhibition of HMGB1-mediated Microglial Autophagy.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- PeripheralParkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Taking its TOLL: the role of toll-like receptor 4 in human health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HMGB1 functional plasticity in neurodegenerative diseases and its translational implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Pathophysiological role of high mobility group box-1 signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- S100 proteins as a key immunoregulatory mechanism for NLRP3 inflammasome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of metformin as an adjunctive therapy in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Role of toll-like receptors in post-COVID-19 associated neurodegenerative disorders?Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Annexin A1, calreticulin and high mobility group box 1 are elevated in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Does immunogenic cell death occur in multiple sclerosis?BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Cascade Markers, Oxidative Stress-Inflammatory Signaling Axis, and Chronic Total Occlusion of Tibial Artery in Elderly Patients Suffering from Occlusion of Coronary Arteries.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates glial activation through suppressing HMGB1/TLR4 pathway in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Mitophagy: A Bridge Linking HMGB1 and Parkinson's Disease Using Adult Zebrafish as a Model Organism.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- A mechanistic review of pharmacological activities of homeopathic medicine licorice against neural diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- HMGB1 is a Potential and Challenging Therapeutic Target for Parkinson's Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To detect the expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and their downstream signaling factors-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-in the sera of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in order to evaluate the relationship of the HMGB1-TLR4 axis with PD development and progression. Methods: The serum HMGB1 and TLR4 protein levels of 120 patients with PD and 100 healthy volunteers were measured using double-antibody sandwich ELISA, and their correlations with PD staging, disease duration, drug treatment effectiveness, and clinical classification were analyzed. In addition, their correlations with the key downstream factors of the HMGB1-TLR4 axis (MyD88, NF-κB, and TNF-α) were analyzed. Results: HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with PD than in healthy volunteers. PD patients with poor drug treatment outcomes had significantly higher HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions than PD patients with stable drug treatment outcomes. Higher HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions were found in patients at higher PD stages, and patients with >4-year disease duration had significantly higher HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions than patients with <4-year disease duration. No significant difference in HMGB1 and TLR4 expressions was found among patients with tremor-dominant, akinetic-rigid, and mixed subtypes of PD. NF-κB and TNF-α expressions were positively correlated with high expression of the HMGB1-TLR4 axis. Conclusion: High expression of the HMGB1-TLR4 axis is closely associated with PD development, progression, drug treatment effectiveness, staging, and disease duration and has great significance for PD diagnosis and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.