ArticleBrain and behavior2018
Low tumor necrosis factor-α levels predict symptom reduction during electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and biological markers of electroconvulsive therapy effectiveness: a narrative review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Identifying clinical features associated with electroconvulsive therapy response in adolescents with major depressive disorder using machine learning.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Moderating effects of individual factors on the relationship between inflammation and psychophysiological states in healthy adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Trajectory of peripheral inflammation during index ECT in association with clinical outcomes in treatment-resistant depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Current Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for the Inflammatory Mechanism of Unipolar Depression.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- The Relationship between Stress, Inflammation, and Depression.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Electroconvulsive Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review Exploring Neuroendocrine-Immune Therapeutic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation for Depression.Cells · 2021Review
- The Role of Inflammation in Depression and Fatigue.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Low tumor necrosis factor-α levels predict symptom reduction during electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder.Brain and behavior · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Changes in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) have been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Findings concerning the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the TNFα level have been contradictory. The aim was to examine the immediate and long-term changes in the TNFα level and their associations with symptom reduction in patients with MDD during ECT. Method: The study included 30 patients with MDD. Their TNFα levels were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 hr after the first, fifth and last ECT session. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results: The TNFα level decreased from baseline to the 2- and 4-hr measurements. There was a correlation between the first ECT session TNFα levels and the relative symptom reduction according to the MADRS score after the ECT series. Both the first (baseline) ECT and 4-hr TNFα levels were lower in responders than in nonresponders. Conclusion: ECT consistently induced a decrease in the TNFα level after each studied session. A low TNFα level at the first ECT appeared to predict a symptom reduction. These findings suggest that TNFα might have a role in the pathogenesis in MDD and in the mechanism of action of ECT.
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