ReviewMediators of inflammation2018
Protective Effects of Hydroxychloroquine against Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review on Preclinical and Clinical Trial Studies.Journal of diabetes research · 2020Pooled it
- Upadacitinib for refractory Behcet's syndrome: a multi-centre, single-arm trial.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Trial
- [Cardiovascular risk in inflammatory rheumatic diseases : Evidence-based strategies for risk reduction in rheumatologic practice].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Review
- Asparaginase and Autophagy Inhibitors Effectively Remove Senescent Cells by Synergistically Limiting Asparagine Supply.Aging cell · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Immunity, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Future atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus based on CSTAR (XXVIII): the effect of different antiphospholipid antibodies isotypes.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: immune pathways and the uncharted territory of gut microbiota and metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Hydroxychloroquine Blood Levels Are Associated With Fewer Hospitalizations and Possible Reduction of Health Disparities in Lupus.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus along with Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Reference Range of Hydroxychloroquine Blood Levels That Can Reduce Odds of Active Lupus and Prevent Flares.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis: overview, strategy and directions.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Review
- Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Association of Hydroxychloroquine Dose With Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis care & research · 2023Article
- Current Treatment Approach, Emerging Therapies and New Horizons in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Clarifying misbeliefs about hydroxychloroquine (HCQ): developing the HCQ benefits versus harm decision aid (HCQ-SAFE) per low health literacy standards.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Changes in Clinical Manifestations and Course of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Secondary Antiphospholipid Syndrome over Three Decades.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Chloroquine reduces neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through inhibition of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4).Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
- Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Literature Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Anti-malarial artesunate ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating arterial inflammatory responsesFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality are a challenge in management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Higher risk of CV disease in SLE patients is mostly related to accelerated atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, high prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in SLE patients does not fully explain the increased CV risk. Despite the pathological bases of accelerated atherosclerosis are not fully understood, it is thought that this process is driven by the complex interplay between SLE and atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a cornerstone in treatment of SLE patients and has been thought to exert a broad spectrum of beneficial effects on disease activity, prevention of damage accrual, and mortality. Furthermore, HCQ is thought to protect against accelerated atherosclerosis targeting toll-like receptor signaling, cytokine production, T-cell and monocyte activation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. HCQ was also described to have beneficial effects on traditional CV risk factors, such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. In conclusion, despite lacking randomized controlled trials unambiguously proving the protection of HCQ against accelerated atherosclerosis and incidence of CV events in SLE patients, evidence analyzed in this review is in favor of its beneficial effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.