ReviewClinical epidemiology2018
Apathy and depressive symptoms in older people and incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.
Review in Clinical epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vascular disease and apathy symptoms in the very old: A cross-sectional and longitudinal meta-analysis of individual participant data.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of depression in patients with sarcopenia and correlation between the two diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Pooled it
- Empirical support for the vascular apathy hypothesis: A structured review.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Association of Apathy With Risk of Incident Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- A cardiovascular risk prediction model for older people: Development and validation in a primary care population.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Trial
- Depression and apathy: examining an overlooked dimension.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Apathy and Depression Impact on Cognitive Decline: Neuropsychological Specificities across Neurodegenerative Diseases.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026Article
- Diminished Social and Leisure Engagement in Community Dwelling-Older Adults with Apathy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Tailored Care for Dementia Patients with Cerebrovascular Pathology.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Association of Apathy With Incident Dementia: A Multiple Mediation Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Article
- Comparing the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Among the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: A National Survey of 9,049 Subjects Based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5.Vascular health and risk management · 2025Article
- The Brain-Heart Axis: An Umbrella Review on Impact of Psychiatric Disease on Incidence, Management, and Outlook of Cardiovascular Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Associations between sarcopenia and depression in middle-aged and older adults: the moderating effect of smoking.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Therapy in Improving Patient Mental Health, Function, Quality of Life, and Mortality Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Altered Resting-State Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Post-Stroke Apathy: An fMRI Study.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Study on the Socio-Economic Impact of Cancer Disease on Cancer Patients and Their Relatives.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Economic Burden Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Elderly People with Chronic Diseases in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations of multiple chronic disease and depressive symptoms with incident stroke among Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults: a nationwide population-based cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
39 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Previous findings suggest that apathy symptoms independently of depressive symptoms measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older individuals. Aims: To study whether apathy and depressive symptoms in older people are associated with future CVD, stroke, and mortality using individual patient-data meta-analysis. Methods: Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo databases up to September 3, 2013, were systematically searched without language restrictions. We sought prospective studies with older (mean age ≥65 years) community-dwelling populations in which the GDS was employed and subsequent stroke and/or CVD were recorded to provide individual participant data. Apathy symptoms were defined as the three apathy-related subitems of the GDS, with depressive symptoms the remaining items. We used myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all-cause mortality as main outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and MI/stroke history. An adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate bias. Hazard ratios were calculated using one-stage random-effect Cox regression models. Results: Of the 52 eligible studies, 21 (40.4%) were included, comprising 47,625 older people (mean age [standard deviation] 74 [7.4] years), over a median follow-up of 8.8 years. Participants with apathy symptoms had a 21% higher risk of MI (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.36), a 37% higher risk of stroke (95% CI 1.18-1.59), and a 47% higher risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI 1.38-1.56). Participants with depressive symptoms had a comparably higher risk of stroke (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.18-1.56) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.35-1.53), but not of MI (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91-1.29). Associations for isolated apathy and isolated depressive symptoms were comparable. Sensitivity analyses according to risk of bias yielded similar results. Conclusion: Our findings stress the clinical importance of recognizing apathy independently of depressive symptoms, and could help physicians identify persons at increased risk of vascular disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.