Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29670329›Full record

ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2018

Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of PLGA microspheres containing norquetiapine for long-acting injection.

Chun-Woong Park, Hyo-Jung Lee, Dong-Won Oh, Ji-Hyun Kang, Chang-Soo Han, Dong-Wook Kim

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) development for long-acting injectable drug products based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide).Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Chun-Woong ParkCollege of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Hyo-Jung LeeCollege of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Dong-Won OhCollege of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Ji-Hyun KangCollege of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Chang-Soo HanCollege of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Dong-Wook KimDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Chungbuk National University · KRCheongju University · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNorquetiapine ( PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to prepare improved entrapment efficiency NQ freebase microspheres by the solvent evaporation method with poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a release modulator and to evaluate their physicochemical and in vitro/in vivo release properties.

methodsNQ freebase PLGA (1:5 w/w) formulations were prepared by the oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion-solvent evaporation method. A solution of the drug and PLGA in 9:1 v/v dichloromethane:ethanol was mixed with 0.2% polyvinyl alcohol and homogenized at 2,800 rpm. The emulsion was stirred for 3 h to dilute and evaporate the solvent. After that, the resulting product was freeze-dried. Drug-loading capacity was measured by the validated RP-HPLC method. The surface morphology of the microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the physicochemical properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy particle size distribution. The in vitro dissolution test was performed using a rotary shaking bath at 37°C, with constant shaking at 50 rpm in sink condition.

resultsThe NQ freebase microspheres prepared by o/w emulsion-solvent evaporation showed over 30% efficiency. NQ was confirmed to be amorphous in the microspheres by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Special chemical interaction in the microspheres was not observed by FT-IR. The in vitro dissolution test demonstrated that the prepared microspheres' release properties were maintained for more than 20 days. The in vivo test also confirmed that the particles' long acting properties were maintained. Therefore, good in vitro-in vivo correlation was established.

conclusionIn this study, NQ freebase-PLGA microspheres showed potential for the treatment of schizophrenia for long-periods.

Indexed as

MicrospheresAnimalsDibenzothiazepinesLactic AcidParticle SizePolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredSurface PropertiesDibenzothiazepinesLactic AcidnorquetiapinePolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymeractive metabolitefreebasefreeze dryIVIVCo/w emulsion-solvent evaporationschizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID29670329
PMCPMC5896679
OpenAlexW2795803793

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.