ArticleBiology of sex differences2018
Sex differences in umbilical artery Doppler indices: a longitudinal study.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of fetal heart rate in first trimester sonograms in prediction of fetal sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Fetal Growth Restriction: Do Not Forget to Consider Fetal Sex and Subcellular Compartmentation.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Increased late preterm birth risk and altered uterine blood flow upon exposure to heat stress.EBioMedicine · 2023Article
- Asymmetric growth-limiting development of the female conceptus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Fetal Bradycardia Caused by Monogenic Disorders-A Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Fetal sex impacts birth to placental weight ratio and umbilical cord oxygen values with implications for regulatory mechanisms.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- The Placenta's Role in Sexually Dimorphic Fetal Growth Strategies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Doppler Ultrasound of the Umbilical Artery: Clinical Application.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2022Article
- Interpretation of Wave Reflections in the Umbilical Arterial Segment of the Feto-Placental Circulation: Computational Modeling of the Feto-Placental Arterial Tree.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2021Article
- Sex differences in fetal Doppler parameters during gestation.Biology of sex differences · 2021Article
- Sex differences in uterine artery Doppler during gestation in pregnancies complicated by placental dysfunction.Biology of sex differences · 2021Article
- Human Umbilical Cord: Information Mine in Sex-Specific Medicine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Fetal Sex and Fetal Environment Interact to Alter Diameter, Myogenic Tone, and Contractile Response to Thromboxane Analog in Rat Umbilical Cord Vessels.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Reflected hemodynamic waves influence the pattern of Doppler ultrasound waveforms along the umbilical arteries.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2019Article
- Placental vascular abnormalities in the mouse alter umbilical artery wave reflections.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSexual dimorphism in placental size and function has been described. Whether this influences the clinically important umbilical artery (UA) waveform remains controversial, although a few cross-sectional studies have shown sex differences in UA pulsatility index (PI). Therefore, we tested whether fetal sex influences the UA Doppler indices during the entire second half of pregnancy and aimed to establish sex-specific reference ranges for UA Doppler indices if needed.
methodsOur main objective was to investigate gestational age-associated changes in UA Doppler indices during the second half of pregnancy and compare the values between male and female fetuses. This was a prospective longitudinal study in women with singleton low-risk pregnancies during 19-40 weeks of gestation. UA Doppler indices were serially obtained at a 4-weekly interval from a free loop of the umbilical cord using color-directed pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. Sex-specific reference intervals were calculated for the fetal heart rate (HR), UA PI, resistance index (RI), and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) using multilevel modeling.
resultsComplete data from 294 pregnancies (a total of 1261 observations from 152 male and 142 female fetuses) were available for statistical analysis, and sex-specific reference ranges for the UA Doppler indices and fetal HR were established for the last half of pregnancy. UA Doppler indices were significantly associated with gestational age (P < 0.0001) and fetal HR (P < 0.0001). Female fetuses had 2-8% higher values for UA Doppler indices than male fetuses during gestational weeks 20
conclusionsWe have determined gestational age-dependent sex differences in UA Doppler indices and fetal HR during the second half of pregnancy, and correspondingly established new sex-specific reference ranges intended for refining diagnostics and monitoring individual pregnancies.
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