ReviewBiology of sex differences2018
Sex differences in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of infection and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of disease.
Review in Biology of sex differences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic impact of red blood cell distribution width in pulmonary hypertension patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical Practice of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) and Potential Barriers to Intensive Treatment Among PAH-Specialized and Non-PAH-Specialized Centers in Japan.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex differences in pulmonary (arterial) hypertension: does it matter?Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A study on the genetic comorbidity between autoimmune diseases and pulmonary hypertension: an observational study and POST-GWAS analysis.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Observational
- RPL39 Was Associated With Sex Differences in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Canadian respiratory journal · 2025Article
- HIV and Drug Use: A Tale of Synergy in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Development.Comprehensive Physiology · 2023Article
- Vascular stiffening in aging females with a hypertension-induced HIF2A gain-of-function mutation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Sex matters: the frequently overlooked importance of considering sex in computational models.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Long noncoding RNAGenes & diseases · 2022Review
- Impact of Sex and Gender on Autoimmune Lung Disease: Opportunities for Future Research: NHLBI Working Group Report.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Cytokine profiling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the role of redox homeostasis and sex.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2022Article
- A dUTY to Protect: Addressing "Y" We See Sex Differences in Pulmonary Hypertension.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Autoimmunity Is a Significant Feature of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Changes in the Characteristics and Initial Treatments of Pulmonary Hypertension Between 2008 and 2020 in Japan.JACC. Asia · 2022Article
- The Impact of Sex Chromosomes in the Sexual Dimorphism of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.The American journal of pathology · 2022Review
- Metabolic profile in endothelial cells of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Bioactivities and mechanisms of natural medicines in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Chinese medicine · 2022Review
- Mice with humanized immune system as novel models to study HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Registry data worldwide indicate an overall female predominance for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of 2-4 over men. Genetic predisposition accounts for only 1-5% of PAH cases, while autoimmune diseases and infections are closely linked to PAH. Idiopathic PAH may include patients with undiagnosed autoimmune diseases based on the relatively high presence of autoantibodies in this group. The two largest PAH registries to date report a sex ratio for autoimmune connective tissue disease-associated PAH of 9:1 female to male, highlighting the need for future studies to analyze subgroup data according to sex. Autoimmune diseases that have been associated with PAH include female-dominant systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and thyroiditis as well as male-dominant autoimmune diseases like myocarditis which has been linked to HIV-associated PAH. The sex-specific association of PAH to certain infections and autoimmune diseases suggests that sex hormones and inflammation may play an important role in driving the pathogenesis of disease. However, there is a paucity of data on sex differences in inflammation in PAH, and more research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis underlying PAH in men and women. This review uses data on sex differences in PAH and PAH-associated autoimmune diseases from registries to provide insight into the pathogenesis of disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.