ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2018
Educational Differences in the Prevalence of Dementia and Life Expectancy with Dementia: Changes from 2000 to 2010.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of the association between life-course socioeconomic status and late-life cognitive decline.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of rural-urban disparities in Alzheimer's disease dementia prevalence.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Pooled it
- Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the AgeWell.de Study-A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Controlled Lifestyle Trial against Cognitive Decline.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- State Policy Liberalism in Adolescence and Risk for Dementia from 2000 to 2016 among Older U.S. Adults.Journal of health and social behavior · 2026Article
- Assessing the Mediating Roles of Global Sensory Impairment, Social Isolation, and Loneliness in the Association Between Education and Cognitive Function.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Moving Toward Universalism? The Future of Long-Term Care in the United States.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- A comparison of dementia-free life expectancy estimates across competing algorithmic classifications: new knowledge and considerations from the health and retirement study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- How Childhood State Education Quality Shapes the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Mid-to-Later Life.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2026Article
- Early-life influences on the risk for later-life Alzheimer's and non-Alzheimer's dementia: A nearly full life course prospective cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Changes in the Education-Health Gradient Within U.S. States, 1993-2019.Population research and policy review · 2026Article
- Is social connection the key to prevention? Educational attainment, incident dementia, and the role of later-life social engagement.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- Cognitive decline in U.S. military veterans: risk factors and clinical implications.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- Declining incidence but little change in years lived with dementia in two German cohorts diagnosed with dementia in 2006/2008 and 2016/2018.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- The Present and Future Dementia Burden in China: Kinship-Based Projections and Global Comparisons.Demography · 2025Article
- Downstream of hearing loss: a population-based multistate analysis of lifetime risk and years lived with hearing loss, dementia and their comorbidity in Finland.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Observational
- Associations between U.S. County-Level Social Infrastructure and Dementia among Medicare Beneficiaries, 2020.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2025Article
- APOE genotype and cognitive decline: educational context as a moderator of genetic risk.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Regional disparities in cognitive life expectancy: The role of birth and current residence in the United States.Health & place · 2025Article
- How much can biomarkers explain sociodemographic inequalities in cognitive dysfunction and cognitive impairment? Results from a machine learning model in the Health and Retirement Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives: This article provides the first estimates of educational differences in age-specific prevalence, and changes in prevalence over time, of dementia by education levels in the United States. It also provides information on life expectancy, and changes in life expectancy, with dementia and cognitively healthy life for educational groups. Method: Data on cognition from the 2000 and 2010 Health and Retirement Study are used to classify respondents as having dementia, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), or being cognitively intact. Vital statistics data are used to estimate life tables for education groups and the Sullivan method is used to estimate life expectancy by cognitive state. Results: People with more education have lower prevalence of dementia, more years of cognitively healthy life, and fewer years with dementia. Years spent in good cognition increased for most sex-education groups and, conversely, years spent with dementia decreased for some. Mortality reduction was the most important factor in increasing cognitively healthy life. Change in the distribution of educational attainment has played a major role in the reduction of life with dementia in the overall population. Discussion: Differences in the burden of cognitive loss by education point to the significant cost of low social status both to individuals and to society.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.