ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
Continuous Invasion by Respiratory Viruses Observed in Rural Households During a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasonal Outbreak in Coastal Kenya.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Transmission in Closed Community Settings That Include Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Coronaviruses in Africa Prior to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Mucosal IgA to pre-fusion F protein predicts protection from RSV infection in a high burden setting.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends and seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children based on sentinel hospital surveillance data.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Beyond the first breath: comprehensive respiratory syncytial virus prevention through maternal immunization and infant immunoprophylaxis.Asian biomedicine : research, reviews and news · 2025Review
- Clinical, Meteorological, and Air Quality Factors Associated with Ambulatory Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Machala, Ecuador, 2018-2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors among Healthy Term Infants, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- How early life respiratory viral infections impact airway epithelial development and may lead to asthma.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy and asthma during childhood in the USA (INSPIRE): a population-based, prospective birth cohort study.Lancet (London, England) · 2023Article
- Rhinovirus dynamics across different social structures.Npj viruses · 2023Article
- Heterogenous transmission and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in two demographically diverse populations with low vaccination uptake in Kenya, March and June 2021.Gates open research · 2023Article
- Identification of missed viruses by metagenomic sequencing of clinical respiratory samples from Kenya.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Epidemiology and Seasonality of Childhood Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in the Tropics.Viruses · 2021Review
- Integrating epidemiological and genetic data with different sampling intensities into a dynamic model of respiratory syncytial virus transmission.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya.Wellcome open research · 2021Article
- The indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on inpatient admissions in 204 Kenyan hospitals: An interrupted time series analysis.PLOS global public health · 2021Article
- The journey to a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2020Review
- Coronavirus Occurrence and Transmission Over 8 Years in the HIVE Cohort of Households in Michigan.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya.Wellcome open research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Households are high-intensity close-contact environments favorable for transmission of respiratory viruses, yet little is known for low-income settings. Methods: Active surveillance was completed on 47 households in rural coastal Kenya over 6 months during a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were taken from 483 household members twice weekly irrespective of symptoms. Using molecular diagnostics, NPSs from 6 households were screened for 15 respiratory viruses and the remainder of households only for the most frequent viruses observed: rhinovirus (RV), human coronavirus (HCoV; comprising strains 229E, OC43, and NL63), adenovirus (AdV), and RSV (A and B). Results: Of 16928 NPSs tested for the common viruses, 4259 (25.2%) were positive for ≥1 target; 596 (13.8%) had coinfections. Detection frequencies were 10.5% RV (1780), 7.5% HCoV (1274), 7.3% AdV (1232), and 3.2% RSV (537). On average, each household and individual had 6 and 3 different viruses detected over the study period, respectively. Rhinovirus and HCoV were detected in all the 47 households while AdV and RSV were detected in 45 (95.7%) and 40 (85.1%) households, respectively. The individual risk of infection over the 6-month period was 93.4%, 80.1%, 71.6%, 61.5%, and 37.1% for any virus, RV, HCoV, AdV, and RSV, respectively. NPSs collected during symptomatic days and from younger age groups had higher prevalence of virus detection relative to respective counterparts. RSV was underrepresented in households relative to hospital admission data. Conclusions: In this household setting, respiratory virus infections and associated illness are ubiquitous. Future studies should address the health and economic implications of these observations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.