ArticleJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2018
Financial Impact of Breast Cancer in Black Versus White Women.
Article in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Describing financial toxicity among cancer patients in different income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Financial toxicity and employment status in cancer survivors. A systematic literature review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Financial Burdens of Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Outcomes.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2019Pooled it
- Structured multi-disciplinary psychosocial care for cancer patients and the perceived quality of care from the patient perspective: a cluster-randomized trial.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2019Trial
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Financial Toxicity Among Sarcoma Patients During and Following Treatment Across the Lifespan.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Work accommodations described by a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of women undergoing treatment for breast cancer.Work (Reading, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Self-reported racial and ethnic discrimination in patient-provider interactions and the initiation of adjuvant therapies for breast cancer in the pathways study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs and Healthcare Utilization Related to Mastectomy vs Breast Conservation: A Claims-Based Study.Journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Financial toxicity among breast cancer survivors receiving care during the pandemic.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Personalized risk prediction of financial toxicity in patients with cancer: an interpretable machine learning study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Modeling the Arc of Financial Well-Being in Breast Reconstruction: A Mixed-Methods Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Coping with breast cancer in Ghana: a qualitative study of women's lived experiences following breast cancer diagnosis.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Financial Toxicity among Survivors of Extremity and Pelvic Sarcoma: A Retrospective Study.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review of Methods to Measure Adherence to Oral Anticancer Medications in African Women With Breast Cancer at Initiation, Implementation, and Discontinuation of Therapy.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Supportive Care Needs of Patients with Breast Cancer Who Self-Identify as Black: An Integrative Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Sleep health and quality of life in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Association of cancer with racial disparities in financial health: a national cohort study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Observational
- Unmet needs among long-term breast cancer survivors.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Quantifying and addressing self-defined needs in cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose Racial variation in the financial impact of cancer may contribute to observed differences in the use of guideline-recommended treatments. We describe racial differences with regard to the financial impact of breast cancer in a large population-based prospective cohort study. Methods The Carolina Breast Cancer Study oversampled black women and women younger than age 50 years with incident breast cancer in North Carolina from 2008 to 2013. Participants provided medical records and data regarding demographics, socioeconomic status, and financial impact of cancer at 5 and 25 months postdiagnosis. We report unadjusted and adjusted financial impact at 25 months postdiagnosis by race. Results The sample included 2,494 women who completed follow-up surveys (49% black, 51% white). Since diagnosis, 58% of black women reported any adverse financial impact of cancer ( v 39% of white women; P < .001). In models adjusted for age, stage at diagnosis, and treatment received, black women were more likely to report adverse financial impact attributable to cancer (adjusted risk difference [aRD], +14 percentage points; P < .001), including income loss (aRD, +10 percentage points; P < .001), health care-related financial barriers (aRD, +10 percentage points; P < .001), health care-related transportation barriers (aRD, +10 percentage points; P < .001), job loss (aRD, 6 percentage points; P < .001), and loss of health insurance (aRD, +3 percentage points; P < .001). The effect of race was attenuated when socioeconomic factors were included but remained significant for job loss, transportation barriers, income loss, and overall financial impact. Conclusion Compared with white women, black women with breast cancer experience a significantly worse financial impact. Disproportionate financial strain may contribute to higher stress, lower treatment compliance, and worse outcomes by race. Policies that help to limit the effect of cancer-related financial strain are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.