ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2018
Syndrome and outcome of antibody-negative limbic encephalitis.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Features Associated With Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Pooled it
- Adult-onset temporal lobe epilepsy suspicious for autoimmune pathogenesis: Autoantibody prevalence and clinical correlates.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Autoimmune Encephalitis as Treatment-Responsive Cause of Rapidly Progressive Dementia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.Neurology · 2026Observational
- Nationwide screening identifies an expanded clinical spectrum of anti-KLHL11 antibody-associated neurologic disease in Japan.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Alternative diagnoses of suspected paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: a population-based study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Relapse predictors and brain atrophy in antibody-positive and antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Recurrent spatial disorientation and amnestic episodes associated with lung adenocarcinoma: a serum- and CSF-negative paraneoplastic case.Archive of clinical cases · 2026Article
- Paraneoplastic ocular syndromes: a systematic review of epidemiology, diagnosis and outcomes (2010-2023).Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Review
- A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis-like Presentation of Glioblastoma: Get to Know This Rare Occurrence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Multimodal prognostication of autoimmune encephalitis: an Australian autoimmune encephalitis consortium study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Neurodegeneration and the immune system: lessons from autoimmune encephalitis.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Article
- Clinical features and factors associated with outcomes of antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis in patients requiring intensive care.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Lymphocyte signatures correspond to clinical phenotypes in autoimmune limbic encephalitis.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Extra-Limbic Seronegative Encephalitis Preceding Recurrent Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.The Neurohospitalist · 2024Article
- Prognostic factors underlying the development of drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2024Observational
- Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know.Neuroradiology · 2024Review
- Study on clinical features and factors related to long-term outcomes of antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Brain on Fire: How Brain Infection and Neuroinflammation Drive Worldwide Epilepsy Burden.Epilepsy currents · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2018
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeThe aim was to report the clinical characteristics of 12 patients with limbic encephalitis (LE) who were antibody-negative after a comprehensive immunological study.
methodsThe clinical records of 163 patients with LE were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry on rat brain, cultured neurons and cell-based assays were used to identify neuronal autoantibodies. Patients were included if (i) there was adequate clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and magnetic resonance imaging information to classify the syndrome as LE, (ii) magnetic resonance images were accessible for central review and (iii) serum and CSF were available and were confirmed negative for neuronal antibodies.
resultsTwelve (7%) of 163 LE patients [median age 62 years; range 40-79; 9 (75%) male] without neuronal autoantibodies were identified. The most frequent initial complaints were deficits in short-term memory leading to hospital admission in a few weeks (median time 2 weeks; range 0.5-12). In four patients the short-term memory dysfunction remained as an isolated symptom during the entire course of the disease. Seizures, drowsiness and psychiatric problems were unusual. Four patients had solid tumors (one lung, one esophagus, two metastatic cervical adenopathies of unknown primary tumor) and one chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CSF showed pleocytosis in seven (58%) with a median of 13 white blood cells/mm
conclusionsDespite the discovery of new antibodies, 7% of LE patients remain seronegative. Antibody-negative LE is more frequent in older males and usually develops with predominant or isolated short-term memory loss. Despite the absence of antibodies, patients may have an underlying cancer and respond to immunotherapy.
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