ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2018
The Immune Responses of the Animal Hosts of West Nile Virus: A Comparison of Insects, Birds, and Mammals.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging zoonotic viral infections of occupational health importance.Pathogens and disease · 2019Pooled it
- West Nile Virus: Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Prophylaxis with a Comparative Insight from Italy and Iran.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Intrahost population dynamics of chikungunya virus in humans and naturally infectedVirus evolution · 2026Article
- Cellular Immune Response in Horses After West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Advances in antiviral strategies targeting mosquito-borne viruses: cellular, viral, and immune-related approaches.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Survey of West Nile virus infection in wildlife species in the Orinoquia region of Colombia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Graph-based epidemic modeling of West Nile Virus: Forecasting and containment.F1000Research · 2025Article
- West Nile virus - a re-emerging global threat: recent advances in vaccines and drug discovery.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporally Explicit Epidemic Model for West Nile Virus Outbreak in Germany: An Inversely Calibrated Approach.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Review
- Intracellular Diversity of WNV within Circulating Avian Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Host-Dependent Patterns of Polyinfection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Intracellular diversity of WNV within circulating avian peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals host-dependent patterns of polyinfection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Insulin-mediated endothelin signaling is antiviral during West Nile virus infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Serological and molecular surveillance of West Nile virus in domesticated mammals of peninsular Malaysia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Review
- Aquatic Flaviviruses.Journal of virology · 2022Review
- Complete Genome Sequence, Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of a Temminck's Stint Calicivirus: Evidence for a New Genus withinMicroorganisms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, including arboviruses, pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Arboviruses of the flavivirus genus, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus, yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV), are transmitted to humans from insect vectors and can cause serious disease. In 2017, over 2,000 reported cases of WNV virus infection occurred in the United States, with two-thirds of cases classified as neuroinvasive. WNV transmission cycles through two different animal populations: birds and mosquitoes. Mammals, particularly humans and horses, can become infected through mosquito bites and represent dead-end hosts of WNV infection. Because WNV can infect diverse species, research on this arbovirus has investigated the host response in mosquitoes, birds, humans, and horses. With the growing geographical range of the WNV mosquito vector and increased human exposure, improved surveillance and treatment of the infection will enhance public health in areas where WNV is endemic. In this review, we survey the bionomics of mosquito species involved in Nearctic WNV transmission. Subsequently, we describe the known immune response pathways that counter WNV infection in insects, birds, and mammals, as well as the mechanisms known to curb viral infection. Moreover, we discuss the bacterium
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.