ArticleBMJ quality & safety2018
Role of patient and public involvement in implementation research: a consensus study.
Article in BMJ quality & safety, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reducing Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Use in Adult Acute Care: A Systematic Review.Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA · 2026Pooled it
- Falling short on implementation of fall prevention guidelines in health services: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating Process and Outcomes of Public Involvement in Applied Health and Social Care Research: A Rapid Systematic Review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in Bariatric Research Trials: The Need for More Work.Obesity surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Patient reported outcomes in oncology: changing perspectives-a systematic review.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of consumers and health providers working in partnership on health services planning, delivery and evaluation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Using EMPOWER in daily life: a qualitative investigation of implementation experiences.BMC psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Digital smartphone intervention to recognise and manage early warning signs in schizophrenia to prevent relapse: the EMPOWER feasibility cluster RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2022Trial
- Involving a black woman patient and public involvement group in maternal health methodology research: learning from the PROMISE Study.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Preliminary Validity and Reliability Evidence for a Derived 12-Item Greek Short-Form Model of the Quality Indicators for Physiotherapy Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis (QUIPA).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perception of physiotherapy researchers about patient and public involvement in health research design and planning in Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Tailoring an Implementation Strategy for Deprescribing as Part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (dCGA) in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Roundtable Discussion.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Involving community members in designing behavioural weight management programmes: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Defining Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement Tasks in Health Data Research: A Consensus Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Patient and Public Involvement in Action: Shaping an Intergenerational Engagement Intervention in a Long-Term Care Facility in China.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Patient and healthcare professional perspectives on which potential prognostic factors for failure of total elbow replacement should be investigated.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Creatinine clearance, reduced kidney function, and optimizing prescribing safety through practice feedback: a mixed methods study.Family practice · 2025Article
- Using electronic health records to understand multimorbidity in older people: a scoping review.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- Experience, Process, and Impact of Involving Informal Caregivers of People With Dementia as Public Contributors to Inform the Development of a Complex Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Developing a role for patients and the public in the implementation of health and social care research evidence into practice: the PIPER study (Pathways to Implementation for Public Engagement in Research) realist evaluation protocol.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is often an essential requirement for research funding. Distinctions can be drawn between clinical research, which generally focuses on patients, and implementation research, which generally focuses on health professional behaviour. There is uncertainty about the role of PPI in this latter field. We explored and defined the roles of PPI in implementation research to inform relevant good practice guidance.
methodsWe used a structured consensus process using a convenience sample panel of nine experienced PPI and two researcher members. We drew on available literature to identify 21 PPI research roles. The panel rated their agreement with roles independently online in relation to both implementation and clinical research. Disagreements were discussed at a face-to-face meeting prior to a second online rating of all roles. Median scores were calculated and a final meeting held to review findings and consider recommendations.
resultsTen panellists completed the consensus process. For clinical research, there was strong support and consensus for the role of PPI throughout most of the research process. For implementation research, there were eight roles with consensus and strong support, seven roles with consensus but weaker support and six roles with no consensus. There were more disagreements relating to PPI roles in implementation research compared with clinical research. PPI was rated as contributing less to the design and management of implementation research than for clinical research.
conclusionsThe roles of PPI need to be tailored according to the nature of research to ensure authentic and appropriate involvement. We provide a framework to guide the planning, conduct and reporting of PPI in implementation research, and encourage further research to evaluate its use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.