ArticlePloS one2018
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the onset of fatty liver disease in nondrinkers: A longitudinal cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors Related to the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Primary Liver Cancer Trends Worldwide and in China: Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 Data and Disease Management Implications.Portal hypertension & cirrhosis · 2026Review
- Triglyceride-lowering therapies for hepatic steatosis: mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Investigating the Link Between Smoking and Fatty Liver via Ultrasound Elastography: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Study.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Smoking and liver diseases: an updated review of pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic implications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Screening for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients using non-invasive scores and ultrasound: a cross-sectional study in Egypt.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- The importance of patient engagement in the multimodal treatment of MASLD.Communications medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Gut Microbiota, and Nicotine in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Smoking, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality in individuals with diabetes in Mexico: an analysis of the Mexico city prospective study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Optimizing lifestyle profiles is potential for preventing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and enhancing its survival.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Hepatic steatosis induced by nicotine plus Coca-Cola™ is prevented by nicotinamide riboside (NR).Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Association between the dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and NAFLD status in Korean men.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Combined evaluation of Fibrosis-4 index and fatty liver for stratifying the risk for diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Fatty liver with metabolic disorder, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, indicates high risk for developing diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- NAFLD in normal weight individuals.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Review
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mental illness: Mechanisms linking mood, metabolism and medicines.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of cigarette smoking on the onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear, especially that associated with drinking small amounts of alcohol. We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and NAFLD onset, which was stratified according to the amount of alcohol consumed.
methodsWe enrolled 7,905 Japanese subjects who had received annual health checkups more than twice between April 2003 and August 2013, 4,045 of whom met at least one of the following exclusion criteria and were excluded: (a) fatty liver at baseline; (b) hepatitis B or hepatitis C; (c) alcohol consumption (men: ≥210 g/wk; women: ≥140 g/wk); (d) change in alcohol drinking status between baseline and the study's endpoint; (e) change in cigarette smoking habits between baseline and the study's endpoint; or (f) current treatment with antidiabetic agents, antihypertensive agents, and/or lipid-lowering agents. The remaining 3,860 subjects (1,512 men, 2,348 women) were divided into two groups based on average alcohol consumption.
resultsAfter adjusting for the variables associated with metabolic disease, smoking was associated with fatty liver disease onset compared with nonsmokers in nondrinkers (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.988, 95% confidence interval 1.057-3.595; p = 0.034). No association was found between smoking and fatty liver disease onset in the low alcohol consumption group (men: <210 g alcohol/week; women: <140 g alcohol/week). The fatty liver disease incidence increased significantly among the nondrinkers as the number of cigarettes smoked increased (p = 0.001).
conclusionsCigarette smoking may be a significant risk factor associated with NAFLD onset in nondrinkers. These results may help clinicians to identify patients who are at a high risk of developing NAFLD and to prevent the progression of NAFLD by promoting earlier interventions that help people discontinue unhealthy lifestyle habits.
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