ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2018
Epstein-Barr Virus, High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Abnormal Cervical Cytology in a Prospective Cohort of African Female Sex Workers.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between human herpesvirus infection and cervical carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and genotype distribution of genital human papillomavirus infection in female sex workers in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Beyond Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Detection of EBV and Polyomaviruses in Cervical and Anal Samples.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Clinical Manifestations and Associated Disease States withOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Protease Inhibitors Against HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer: Restoration ofFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Role of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomavirus Coinfection in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Chinese Women Living With HIV.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Role of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomavirus Coinfection in Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Mechanisms and Perspectives.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Risk of abnormal cervical cytology in HIV-infected women testing positive for both human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in genital tract specimens.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2020Article
- Prevalence, incidence, and distribution of human papillomavirus types in female sex workers in Kenya.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2020Article
- Epstein-Barr virus, but not human cytomegalovirus, is associated with a high-grade human papillomavirus-associated cervical lesions among women in North Carolina.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Increased Risk of Infertility in Women Infected with Human Papillomavirus.Journal of reproduction & infertilityArticle
- Human Papilloma Virus infection and cervical cancer among women who sell sex in Eastern and Southern Africa: A scoping review.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh-oncogenic-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is necessary, although insufficient, to promote cervical cancer. Like HPV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common pathogen with the capacity to promote epithelial neoplasms. We examined the association between cervical EBV, hrHPV, and cytology in female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.
methodsWomen (n = 332) with known cervical cytology and hrHPV mRNA results were evaluated for cervical EBV DNA by conventional polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated to assess the relationships between EBV, hrHPV, and cervical cytology. Prospective analyses used risk ratios and time-to-event analyses to determine the association of EBV with hrHPV clearance and with abnormal cytology outcomes.
resultsBaseline prevalence of hrHPV and EBV was 29% and 19%, respectively. Higher EBV prevalence was found among women with older age, HIV, hrHPV, abnormal cytology, Mycoplasma genitalium infection, smoking habits, younger age at sexual debut, and less frequent condom use. At baseline, women with EBV had a higher prevalence of hrHPV infection than did EBV-negative women (52% vs. 24%; HIV-adjusted PR [95% confidence interval], 1.8 [1.3-2.6]). Epstein-Barr virus-positive women had a higher prevalence than did EBV-negative women of high-grade precancer (15% vs. 2%) and abnormal cytology (37% vs. 15%), although HIV- and hrHPV-adjusted associations were not significant (high-grade precancer: PR, 2.0 [0.7-5.9]; abnormal cytology: PR, 1.4 [0.9-2.2]). In prospective analyses, a marginal association was observed between baseline EBV detection and delayed hrHPV clearance.
conclusionsOur data support a possible role for EBV as a high-risk marker or cofactor for HPV-mediated cervical cancer development.
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