ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2018
Increased vessel perfusion predicts the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bridging Radiotherapy to Immunotherapy: The IFN-JAK-STAT Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- PD-1 antibody camrelizumab plus apatinib and SOX as first-line treatment in patients with AFP-producing gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (CAP 06): a multi-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Nivolumab plus anlotinib hydrochloride in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the phase II OASIS trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Combined angiogenesis and PD-1 inhibition for immunomodulatory TNBC: concept exploration and biomarker analysis in the FUTURE-C-Plus trial.Molecular cancer · 2022Trial
- Major pathologic response on biopsy (MPRbx) in patients with advanced melanoma treated with anti-PD-1: evidence for an early, on-therapy biomarker of response.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2019Trial
- A mechanical reprogramming: synergistic tumor microenvironment normalization improves nano-immunotherapy delivery in prostate cancer via multiphysics modeling.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- CEUS with VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles for monitoring of early immunotherapy effects in a colorectal cancer model.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2026Article
- Incremental Value of Iodine-125 Seed Implantation After Bronchial Artery Chemoembolization in Immunotherapy-Treated Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Hemoptysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Poorly perfused tumor regions harbor T cells with a glucose-dependent effector phenotype.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Identification of chondroitin polymerizing factor as a biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response in breast cancer: a bioinformatics analysis of tumor microenvironment.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Review
- Antiemesis Corticosteroids Potentiate Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy by Normalizing the Immune Microenvironment in Metastatic Murine Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Vascular abnormalization confers tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy via downregulating angiostatic factors.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy plus immunochemotherapy in patients with oligometastatic esophageal cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Exploration of immunotherapy modalities in stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-mediated targeted micro/nanobubbles: breaking new boundaries in precision tumor therapy.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-enabled multi-omics biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, predictive modeling, and clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Anlotinib Combined with Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibitor 9 Hydrochloride Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inducing Neovascularization and Reprogramming the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in MSS Murine Model.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Uncovers Immunological Phenotypes Predictive of Combinatorial Immunotherapy Response in Gastric Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated curative potential in several types of cancer, but only for a small number of patients. Thus, the identification of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers for predicting ICB responsiveness is an urgent unmet need. Here, we show that ICB increased tumor vessel perfusion in treatment-sensitive EO771 and MMTV-PyVT breast tumor as well as CT26 and MCA38 colon tumor models, but not in treatment-resistant MCaP0008 and 4T1 breast tumor models. In the sensitive tumor models, the ability of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 or anti-programmed cell death 1 therapy to increase vessel perfusion strongly correlated with its antitumor efficacy. Moreover, globally enhanced tumor vessel perfusion could be detected by Doppler ultrasonography before changes in tumor size, which predicted final therapeutic efficacy with more than 90% sensitivity and specificity. Mechanistically, CD8+ T cell depletion, IFN-γ neutralization, or implantation of tumors in IFN-γ receptor knockout mice abrogated the vessel perfusion enhancement and antitumor effects of ICB. These results demonstrated that ICB increased vessel perfusion by promoting CD8+ T cell accumulation and IFN-γ production, indicating that increased vessel perfusion reflects the successful activation of antitumor T cell immunity by ICB. Our findings suggest that vessel perfusion can be used as a novel noninvasive indicator for predicting ICB responsiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.