SynthesisCancer medicine2018
Living on a farm, contact with farm animals and pets, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: pooled and meta-analyses from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Living on a farm, contact with farm animals and pets, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: pooled and meta-analyses from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium.Cancer medicine · 2018Pooled it
- The Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC): Expanding global collaboration in pediatric cancer etiology research.Cancer epidemiology · 2026Review
- The role of dog keeping in the home microbiota and its impact on children's health.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Early Infection Incidence and Risk of Acute Leukemia Development Among Mexican Children.Cancers · 2025Article
- A gut instinct for childhood leukemia prevention: microbiome-targeting recommendations aimed at parents and caregivers.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Cancer hygiene hypothesis: A test from wild captive mammals.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Infant feeding practices and childhood acute leukemia: Findings from the Childhood Cancer & Leukemia International Consortium.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Umbrella Review.Cancers · 2022Review
- Antibiotics in early life and childhood pre-B-ALL. Reasons to analyze a possible new piece in the puzzle.Discover oncology · 2022Review
- Article
- The Hygiene Hypothesis and New Perspectives-Current Challenges Meeting an Old Postulate.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Acute lymphoid leukemia etiopathogenesis.Molecular biology reports · 2021Review
- Parental occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood cancer in Switzerland: a census-based cohort study.BMC cancer · 2020Article
- Early immune stimulation and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Costa Rica: A comparison of statistical approaches.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Is There Etiologic Heterogeneity between Subtypes of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? A Review of Variation in Risk by Subtype.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The associations between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and several factors related to early stimulation of the immune system, that is, farm residence and regular contacts with farm animals (livestock, poultry) or pets in early childhood, were investigated using data from 13 case-control studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. The sample included 7847 ALL cases and 11,667 controls aged 1-14 years. In all studies, the data were obtained from case and control parents using standardized questionnaires. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, study, maternal education, and maternal age. Contact with livestock in the first year of life was inversely associated with ALL (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.85). Inverse associations were also observed for contact with dogs (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.99) and cats (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.94) in the first year of life. There was no evidence of a significant association with farm residence in the first year of life. The findings of these large pooled and meta-analyses add additional evidence to the hypothesis that regular contact with animals in early childhood is inversely associated with childhood ALL occurrence which is consistent with Greaves' delayed infection hypothesis.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.