ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2018
Psychometric findings and normative values for the CLEFT-Q based on 2434 children and young adult patients with cleft lip and/or palate from 12 countries.
Abstract readMulticenter StudyValidation Study
In one paragraph
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Quality of Life After Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Cleft: An Overview of Available Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2023Pooled it
- Piloting Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Cleft Lip and Palate Services in Aotearoa New Zealand.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026Article
- Proxy- and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Cleft Lip and/or Palate Under 8 Years of Age: A Scoping Review.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026Article
- Health-related quality of life in children with Robin sequence following Tübingen palatal plate treatment in infancy.Archives of disease in childhood · 2026Article
- Making Patient-reported Outcome Measures Patient-friendly: Applying "Patient-reported Outcomes Tools: Engaging Users and Stakeholders" Guidelines to a Graphical "Report Card" for Cleft Outcomes.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- From Severity to Surgical Load: Long-Term Burden of Care in Cleft Lip Patients.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Reliability of Variables of Consonant Production and Velopharyngeal Competence in 10-year-olds with Cleft Palate Using Multiple Raters.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2025Article
- Oral health-related quality of life in young adults born with unilateral cleft lip and palate after interdisciplinary treatment: a cross-sectional study with controls.European journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Psychometric Validation of the FACE-Q Dental Module in Patients With Malocclusions.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2025Article
- Quantitative results of SonoSpeech Cleft Pilot: a mixed-methods pilot randomised control trial of ultrasound visual biofeedback versus standard intervention for children with cleft palate ± cleft lip.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Observational
- Individuals with Cleft Lip and/or Palate Demonstrated Improved Self-Reported Psychosocial Functioning Following the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.JPRAS open · 2024Article
- Finnish Translation and Linguistic Validation of the CLEFT-Q Questionnaire.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2024Article
- Self-perceived oral health and orofacial aesthetics of cleft patients.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2024Article
- An International Collaborative Initiative to Establish a Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents with Repair of Esophageal Atresia in 14 Countries.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Patient-reported outcomes measure for patients with cleft palate.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Screening for Academic Risk Among Students With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Patterns of Risk and Qualities of Effective Tools.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2024Article
- Preoperative quality of life of patients with cleft lip and palate in Nigeria: a multicentre cross-sectional pilot study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- What is the optimal assessment of speech? A multicentre, international evaluation of speech assessment in 2500 patients with a cleft.BMJ open · 2023Article
- The Impact of Fan-Type Rapid Palatal Expanders on Speech in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors.
Anne F KlassenDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont. aklass@mcmaster.ca.
Karen Wy Wong RiffDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Natasha M LongmireDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Asteria AlbertDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Gregory C AllenDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Mustafa Asim AydinDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Stephen B BakerDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Stefan J CanoDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Andrew J ChanDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Douglas J CourtemancheDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Marieke M DreiseDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Jesse A GoldsteinDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Timothy E E GoodacreDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Karen E HarmanDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Montserrat MunillDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Aisling O MahonyDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Mirta Palomares AguileraDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Petra PetersonDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Andrea L PusicDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Rona SlatorDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Mia StiernmanDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Elena TsangarisDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Sunil S TholpadyDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Federico VargasDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Christopher R ForrestDepartment of Pediatrics (Klassen), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Wong Riff), Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Pediatrics (Longmire), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Pediatric Surgery (Albert), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (Allen), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo.; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (Aydin), School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey; Inova Children's Hospital (Baker), Falls Church, Va.; Department of Plastic Surgery (Baker), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Modus Outcomes (Cano), Letchworth Garden City, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery (Chan), Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery (Courtemanche), University of British Columbia; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Department of Plastic Surgery (Dreise), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery (Goldstein), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Spires Cleft Centre (Goodacre), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Harman), McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Maxillofacial Surgery Department (Munill), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; National Maxillofacial Unit (Mahony), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Fundación Gantz, departamento de Fonoaudiología (Aguilera), El Lazo, Pudahuel, Chile; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (Peterson), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Pusic), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; West Midlands Cleft Service (Slator), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö (Stiernman), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Tsangaris), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Indiana University School of Medicine (Tholpady), R.L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind.; Division of Plastic Surgery Universidad el Bosque (Vargas), Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; The Centre for Craniofacial Care and Research (Forrest), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.
Funding
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Elisa de Stanchina · 1985 to 2026
$347.4MNCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748
Abstract
backgroundPatients with cleft lip and/or palate can undergo numerous procedures to improve appearance, speech, dentition and hearing. We developed a cleft-specific patient-reported outcome instrument to facilitate rigorous international measurement and benchmarking.
methodsData were collected from patients aged 8-29 years with cleft lip and/or palate at 30 hospitals in 12 countries between October 2014 and November 2016. Rasch measurement theory analysis was used to refine the scales and to examine reliability and validity. Normative CLEFT-Q values were computed for age, sex and cleft type.
resultsAnalysis led to the refinement of an eating and drinking checklist and 12 scales measuring appearance (of the face, nose, nostrils, teeth, lips, jaws and cleft lip scar), health-related quality of life (psychological, social, school, speech distress) and speech function. All scales met the requirements of the Rasch model. Analysis to explore differential item functioning by age, sex and country provided evidence to support the use of a common scoring algorithm for each scale for international use. Lower (worse) scores on CLEFT-Q scales were associated with having a speech problem, being unhappy with facial appearance, and needing future cleft-related treatments, providing evidence of construct validity. Normative values for age, sex and cleft type showed poorer outcomes associated with older age, female sex and having a visible cleft.
interpretationThe CLEFT-Q represents a rigorously developed instrument that can be used internationally to collect and compare evidence-based outcomes data from patients aged 8-29 years of age with cleft lip and/or palate.
Indexed as
BenchmarkingOutcome Assessment, Health CarePatient SatisfactionQuality of LifeAdolescentAdultCanadaChildCleft LipCleft PalateEuropeFemaleHumansMalePsychometricsReproducibility of Results
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.