ArticleEpidemiology and infection2018
Implementing routine blood-borne virus testing for HCV, HBV and HIV at a London Emergency Department - uncovering the iceberg?
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Blood-borne virus testing in European emergency departments: current evidence and service considerations.European journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Attendance Among People With Hepatitis B in UK Secondary Care: A Scoping Review.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Staff perspectives on implementing opt-out blood-borne virus testing in English emergency departments: a qualitative study.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2026Article
- Emergency Department Opt-Out Testing for Hepatitis B: A Two-Year UK Multicentre Evaluation of Outcomes Across Seven Sites.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- How to Better Screen for Blood-Borne Viruses, Specifically HIV, in Hospital Emergency Departments: French and European Perspectives.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Estimating the potential health economic value of introducing universal opt-out testing for HIV in emergency departments in Italy.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Results from a retrospective case finding and re-engagement exercise for people previously diagnosed with hepatitis C virus to increase uptake of directly acting antiviral treatment.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Should Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Be Replaced With Combined Blood-Borne Virus Testing?Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Early cost-utility analysis of hepatitis C virus testing for emergency department attendees in France.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Routine screening of emergency admissions at risk of chronic hepatitis (SEARCH) identifies and links hepatitis B cases to care.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2023Article
- Universal testing for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the emergency department: a cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of two urban hospitals in the United Kingdom.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2022Article
- Real-world clinical effectiveness and sustainability of universal bloodborne virus testing in an urban emergency department in the UK.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- VirA+EmiC project: Evaluating real-world effectiveness and sustainability of integrated routine opportunistic hepatitis B and C testing in a large urban emergency department.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2022Article
- Targeted HIV screening in the emergency department.Internal and emergency medicine · 2021Review
- Improving care of migrants is key for viral hepatitis elimination in Europe.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2021Article
- Seroprevalence and demographic factors associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection from a hospital emergency department testing programme, London, United Kingdom, 2015 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
UK guidelines recommend routine HIV testing in high prevalence emergency departments (ED) and targeted testing for HBV and HCV. The 'Going Viral' campaign implemented opt-out blood-borne virus (BBV) testing in adults in a high prevalence ED, to assess seroprevalence, uptake, linkage to care (LTC) rates and staff time taken to achieve LTC. Diagnosis status (new/known/unknown), current engagement in care, and severity of disease was established. LTC was defined as patient informed plus ⩾1 clinic visit. A total of 6211/24 981 ED attendees were tested (uptake 25%); 257 (4.1%) were BBV positive (15 co-infected), 84 (33%) required LTC. 100/147 (68%) HCV positives were viraemic; 44 (30%) required LTC (13 new, 16 disengaged). 26/54 (48%) HBV required LTC (seven new, 11 disengaged). 16/71 (23%) HIV required LTC (10 new, five disengaged). 26/84 (31%) patients requiring LTC had advanced disease (CD4 1, Fibroscan F3/F4 or liver cancer), including five with AIDS-defining conditions and three hepatocellular carcinomas. There were five BBV-related deaths. BBV prevalence was high (4.1%); most were HCV (2.4%). HIV patients were more successfully and quickly LTC than HBV or HCV patients. ED testing was valuable as one-third of those requiring LTC (new, disengaged or unknown status patients) had advanced disease.
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